专业四级语法 | 状语从句考点归纳

状语从句（adverbial clause）是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。

状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。常见的状语从句及相应的从句连接词如下：

时间状语从句：while；when；before；whenever；as；after；till；until；since；once；ever since；as/so long as；as soon as；no sooner...than；hardly...when；scarcely/barely...when；the moment/minute/instant；on (the point of) doing...
地点状语从句：where；wherever...
原因状语从句：because；since；as；seeing that；considering that；now that；in that；for fear that；lest；owing to the fact that；because of the fact that；due to the fact that...
方式状语从句：as；as if；as though；how；what；save that...
比较状语从句：as；than；as...as；not so...as；hardly...than...
结果状语从句：so that；so...that...；such...that...；so as to...
条件状语从句：if；unless；in case；so long as；so far as；provided/providing that...；supposing；granted/granting that...；giving that...
让步状语从句：though；although；even if；even though；whether；as；however；no matter (what,how,when)；for all that；in spite of the fact that；granted that；regardless of the fact that...
目的状语从句：that；so that；in order that；lest；for the fear that；in case...

一、状语从句的考查重点包括：

① 根据上下文辨别状语从句的类型并选取相应的连接词。例如：

______their policy can be changed, the future for that country will be indeed bleak.

A. Even if

B. Unless

C. Now that

D. As long as

该句句意为“如果他们的政策不变的话，那个国家的前途就真的没有希望了”，故选 B 。

② 条件状语从句：主要考点为虚拟条件句，详见：专业四级语法 | 虚拟条件句考点归纳

③ 让步状语从句：词尾为 -ever 的“wh-疑问词”可以和 no matter+“wh-疑问词”换用，但是前者还可以引导名词性从句而后者不可以。例如：

二、各类表示比较的结构。主要包括：

① “as...as...”结构：

The group has adventured as far as the Austrian alps. （远到……）
As far as I know, he is kind. （就……来说，尽……）
The hydroelectric station is as good as completed. （与……几乎一样，实际上等于）
People are not perfect, so (as) long as they are genuine and sincere, trust them and be good to them. （只要……）
He doesn't earn as much as I do. （和……同样的程度）

② “more/less...than...”结构：与其说……，不如说……

They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger.
他们说作出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
They said that the decision was made more in anger than in sorrow.
他们说作出这个决定，与其说是出于悲伤，不如说是出于气愤。
The film is more of an ironic fantasy than a horror story.
这部影片与其说是恐怖片，不如说是带有讽刺意味的奇幻片。

③ “no less A than B”结构：A 和 B 一样……

④ “no more...than B”或“not...any more than B”结构：同 B 一样不……

We can no more leave the party than fish can leave water.
我们不能离开党，正如鱼儿离不开水一样。
This film is no more moving than that one.
这部电影不动人，那部也没意思。
That is not good for me any more than it is good for boys and girls.
这不仅对我不好，对孩子们也不好。

⑤ “more than”结构：

History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past．（超出……的）
历史不仅仅是研究尘土飞扬的老物件和过去的大事件。
I was more than happy to lend my support to such a good cause. （非常，极其）
我非常乐意给这样美好的事业提供援助。
She was more than a little shaken by the experience. （不只是，不仅是）
这次经历对她产生了极大的震动。

⑥ “not so much as”结构：

not so much A as B
与其说……是 A ，不如说……是 B
There came an explosion, not so much a bang as a shaking like an earthquake.
发生了一次爆炸，没听到一声轰然巨响，倒像是地震那样地面猛晃了晃。

⑦ “not so much as+v.”结构：甚至不；连……都不……