hand

1.at hand, by hand, in hand, on hand, to hand, at my（或your等）hands, in my（或your等）hands和on（或upon）my（或your等）hands各种表达方式不同，下面几点该注意：

（1）at hand作“近”（指时间和空间都可以）或“在手头”解。例如：The holidays are at hand. The library is at hand. 和I have only a few reference books at hand.

（2）Your letter is at hand（接到）是美国商业信函里的用语，在一般通信里最好不用。在英国用Your letter is to hand。

（3）by hand作“用手”解，如made by hand是“手工做成的”（不是机器造的），delivered by hand是“亲手递送的”（不是邮寄的），written by hand是“手写的”（不是用打字机打的）。

（4）in hand作“在所有中的”、“在进行中的”或“在控制中的”解。例如：Jack has only a little money in hand. The work is now in hand. 和The situation is well in hand.

（5）on hand用作“在所有中的”或“亟待处理的”解，英美都用。例如：Jack has only a little money on hand. 和He has a task on hand. 用作“在场的”解是美国英语。例如：There was a foreigner on hand at the time of the accident.

（6）to hand作“（信）已被收到的”解，是商业信函里的用语。例如：Your letter is to hand.

（7）at my（或your等）hands作“受我（或你等）的动作的影响地”解。例如：She received something at his hands. at the hands of（某人）意思相同。例如：She received something at the hands of her brother.

（8）in my（或your等）hands作“受我（或你等）的管理、保存或控制的”解。例如：The child is in my hands. The documents are in your hands. 和She used to be entirely in his hands. in the hands of（某人）意思相同。例如：Christians believe that men are all in the hands of God. The documents are in the hands of his father. 和She was once entirely in the hands of the money-lenders.

（9）on（或upon）my（或your等）hands作“受我（或你等）照顾或处理的”解。例如：I have a family on（或upon）my hands. 和There is an important task on（或upon）his hands.

2.come to hand作“（信件等）被收到”解。例如：Your letter came to hand yesterday. 注意hand的前面没有the或my。这语多用在商业信函里。在一般通信里可以把came to hand改作came, arrived, came to me或reached me。

3.at first hand（直接地）和at second hand（间接地）两种表达方式里没有the。

4.hand往往有双宾语。例如：He handed me his book. 在商业信函里往往用作“寄”或“送”解。例如：I have pleasure in handing you the enclosed cheque. 在一般通信里该避免。