till 的用法及固定搭配

till

1.不论用作介词或连接词,till比until普通,在比较正式的文字里多用until。但有下面两点该注意:

(1)在true till death中的till不可改作until。在from...till...里用till比用until普通,如from January till March。unless and until中的until不可改作till。

(2)在一句的开首似乎until比till普通,如Until his arrival we could do nothing和Until he arrived we could do nothing里用Until,似乎通常不用Till。

2.till或until引导的从句里不可用shall,will或would,如不可说:

  • He will wait till (或until) I shall arrive. (该用arrive)
  • I shall wait till (或until) he will arrive. (该用arrives)
  • I waited till (或until) he would arrive. (该用arrived)

但假使那主句里的动词是过去式,那till或until引导的从句里往往用should。例如:

  • I waited till (或until) he should arrive.
  • He waited till (或until) I should arrive.

should arrive含有“盼望…来”的意思,arrived含有“…果然来”或“…一定来”的意思。

3.下面各句里的till或until都用得不对:

  • I hope to finish the work till (或until) Friday.
  • I hope to finish the work till (或until) he arrives.
  • I had not been there long till (或until) his arrival.
  • I had not been there long till (或until) he arrived.

第一句、第二句和第三句里的till或until该改作before,第四句里的till或until该改作before或when。

但下面各句里的till或until都用得不错:

  • I am afraid I cannot finish the work till (或until) Friday. (用before也可以)
  • I am afraid I cannot finish the work till (或until) he arrives. (用before也可以)
  • I remained there till (或until) his arrival.
  • I remained there till (或until) he arrived.

为什么前四句里不可用till或until,后四句里却可以用呢?因为:(1)假使没有否定的词,那till或until所引导的短语或从句指一段时期(a period of time)。(2)假使有了否定的词,那till或until所引导的短语或从句指一段时间里的任何一点(point)。前四句里的第一句和第二句里没有否定的词,但finish是一时的动作,所以不对,后四句里的第一句和第二句里有否定的词,所以对。前四句里的第三句和第四句里有否定的词,但had been却指一段时间的情况,所以不对,后四句里的第三句和第四句里没有否定的词,remained指一段时间的情况,所以对。

4.下面两句里的till或until是错误的:

  • I shall start till (或until) Friday. (该用on)
  • I shall start till (或until) he arrives. (该用when)

假使在start前面加上了not,两句里的till或until便用得不错。

5.比较下面两句:

  • Don't wait till I come.
  • Don't go till I come.

第一句里的till I come是状语从句,形容wait,第二句里的till I come也是状语从句,却形容don't go。

可以说Wait till I come,但不可说Go till I come。

6.till或until指时间,不指空间,如下面第一句不错,第二句不对:

  • He walked till (或until) he reached the end of the street.
  • He walked till (或until) the end of the street.

7.下面两句的正确意思是“他直到死了才结婚”。当然不对:

  • He did not marry till (或until) his death.
  • He did not marry till (或until) he died.

该改作He never married。

8.下面两句意思相同。注意第二句里用did he go,不用he did go或he went:

He did not go abroad till (或until) he graduated.

Not until (用till不普通) he graduated did he go abroad.

9.下面三句意思相同,有人以为第三句不算正当:

  • Up to then he had lived alone.
  • Till then he had lived alone.
  • Up till then he had lived alone.