use(d)
1.in use是“被用着的”，of use是“有用的”。
2.下面各句里的of可有可无：
- This book seems to be (of) no use to you.
- This book seems to be (of) little use to you.
- This book seems to be (of) scarcely any use to you.
(Of) What use is this book to you?
- This book doesn't seem (of) much use to you.
- I wonder if this book will be (of) any use to you.
3.What is the use of complaining? 里用of。但Is there any use in complaining? 和There is no use in complaining里用in。
There is no use to complain和There is no use complaining都有人说，但都不算正当。
4.下面两句里的use作“需要”解，后面接for：
- I have no further use for the machine.
- Will there be any use for another copy of the book?
have no use for从“不需要”转作“不喜欢”解。例如：I have no use for such things. 和He has no use for boys with dirty hands. 这原来是美国用法。
注意不可说：
- The machine has no further use for me.
- Will another copy of the book have any use for us?
- Such things have no use for me.
- Boys with dirty hands have no use for him.
5.下面两句意思相同，注意第一句里用of，有the，第二句里用by，没有the：
- This book is prepared specifically for the use of Chinese students.
- This book is prepared specifically for use by Chinese students.
6.比较下面三句：
- He used to do it.
- He was used to doing it.
- He was used to do it.
第一句表示过去的习惯，used作“惯常”解，是不及物动词。第二句表示过去的情况，used是及物动词的过去分词，作“（被使）习惯的”解，后面接to，那doing是to的宾语。第三句等于第二句，不用doing而用do，不算正当。
下面第一组里的各句相当于上面的第一句，第二组里的各句相当于上面的第二句：
- He used to come by tram.
I used to swim daily.
She used to see him every Sunday.
We do it less often than we used (to).
There used to be a cottage here.
The nights used to seem very long. - Are you used to this sort of thing?
You will soon get used to it.
She is not used to hardships.
He is quite used to hard work.
They are now used to meeting foreigners.
The boy is not used to being spoken to like that.
关于第一组，下面几点该注意：
（1）used to...（不定式）里的used的前面或后面可以加上always，often或sometimes。例如：
- He always used to come by tram.
- He used always to come by tram.
- He often used to come by tram.
- He used often to come by tram.
- He sometimes used to come by tram.
- He used sometimes to come by tram.
（2）used to...（不定式）表示过去的习惯。在现代英语里不可用use to...（不定式）表示现在的习惯，如不可说He uses to come by tram。可以说He usually comes by tram。
（3）used to...（不定式）除了表示习惯以外往往含有“一向这样”的意思，比较下面每组里的两句：
- He used to live here.
He lived here in 1938. - I used to know her very well.
I knew her as soon as she came in. - We do it less often than we used (to).
We do it less often than we did ten years ago
（4）used to...（不定式）往往含有“跟现在不同”的意思。例如：People used to think that the earth was flat. 和When I was a little boy, I used to sleep with my cat.
（5）used to...（不定式）偶尔用在过去完成时态。例如：He said he had used to come by tram. 但不用在现在完成时态。
（6）在疑问句里可以把used用在主语前面，好像助动词一样。例如：Used he to come by tram? 也可以说Did he use to...? 第一种形式主要用在文字里，第二种形式主要用在口语里。
（7）在否定句里有下面五种表达形式可用：
- He used not to come by tram.
- He usedn't to come by tram.
- He usen't to come by tram.
- He didn't use to come by tram.
- He never used to come by tram.
第一种形式主要用在文字里，第二种形式、第三种形式和第四种形式主要用在口语里。第五种形式跟其他四种形式意思不同，作“从来不…”解。
（8）在否定的疑问句里有下面四种表达形式可用：
- Used he not to come by tram?
- Usedn't he to come by tram?
- Usen't he to come by tram?
- Didn't he use to come by tram?
第一种形式主要用在文字里，第二种形式、第三种形式和第四种形式主要用在口语里。比较下面两组：
- He used to come by tram, usedn't he?
He used to come by tram, usen't he?
He used to come by tram, didn't he? - A : He used not to come by tram.
B : Use(d)n't he?
A: He use(d)n't to come by tram.
B: Use(d)n'r he?
A : He didn't use to come by tram.
B: Didn't he?
7.used to...（不定式）表示过去的习惯，would...也是这样，下面几点该注意：
（1）used to...比would...通俗。
（2）used to...可以指持续的情况，也可以指重复的行动。例如：People used to think that the earth was flat. （持续的情况）和She used to see him every Sunday. （重复的行动）Would只指重复的行动，不指持续的情况，如可以说：She would see him every Sunday. 不可说：People would think that the earth was flat.
（3）used to...比would...客观，如He used to ask me about my studies只说出一个事实，He would ask me about my studies往往含有“他关心我”或“他让我讨厌”等意思。
（4）used to...指经常发生的事，would...指往往发生的事，如She used to see him on Sundays是“她经常在星期日见他”。She would see him on Sundays是“她往往在星期日见他”。
8.used在美国往往用作secondhand解，如used books和used furniture。
