国务院新闻办公室于2025年4月30日发布《关于新冠疫情防控与病毒溯源的中方行动和立场》白皮书。全文如下：

关于新冠疫情防控与病毒溯源的中方行动和立场
Covid-19 Prevention, Control and
Origins Tracing:
China’s Actions and Stance

（2025年4月）
中华人民共和国
国务院新闻办公室
The State Council Information Office of
the People’s Republic of China
April 2025

目录
Contents

前言
Preface

一、为新冠病毒溯源贡献中国智慧
I. Contributing Chinese Wisdom to the Study of the Origins of
SARS-CoV-2

（一）中国积极主动开展新冠病毒溯源研究

（二）中国公开透明发布新冠病毒溯源进展

二、为全球抗疫贡献中国力量
II. China’s Contribution to the Global Fight Against Covid-19

（一）毫无保留分享疫情信息

（二）竭尽所能支援全球抗疫

三、美国在新冠疫情大流行中劣迹斑斑
III. The Mismanaged Response of the US to the Covid-19 Pandemic

（一）美国未能及时有效应对疫情

（二）美国百般推卸新冠疫情应对不力责任

（三）美国密苏里州的涉疫滥诉案纯属政治操弄

（四）新冠病毒溯源指向美国

结束语
Conclusion

前言
Preface

新冠疫情是近百年来人类遭遇传播速度最快、影响范围最广的全球大流行病，也是1918年大流感以来防控难度最大的一次重大突发公共卫生事件。疫情暴发以来，中国把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，采取全面科学有效的防控措施，14亿多人民同心抗疫、坚韧奉献，构筑起坚固防线，先后经受全球多波疫情流行冲击，举全国之力创造了人类文明史上人口大国成功走出疫情大流行的奇迹。面对新冠疫情，中国秉持人类命运共同体、人类卫生健康共同体理念，始终坚持公开、透明、负责任原则，第一时间毫无保留地同世界卫生组织及有关国家分享疫情信息，分享有效的疫情防控、诊疗方案和技术经验，提供疫苗和防护物资，竭尽所能为国际社会提供帮助，为全球团结抗疫贡献了中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量。
The Covid-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands as the fastest-spreading and most extensive global health crisis that humanity has faced in a century. It was also the most challenging public health emergency to contain and manage since the 1918 flu pandemic. From the onset of the pandemic, China prioritized lives and health above all else, and implemented comprehensive, science-based and effective containment measures. With over 1.4 billion people uniting as one and displaying extraordinary tenacity and dedication, a formidable defense line was erected against the virus. This collective effort of the whole nation enabled China to withstand multiple waves of outbreaks and emerge victorious from the crisis – a historic feat for a populous nation like China.

The Covid-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands as the fastest-spreading and most extensive global health crisis that humanity has faced in a century. It was also the most challenging public health emergency to contain and manage since the 1918 flu pandemic. From the onset of the pandemic, China prioritized lives and health above all else, and implemented comprehensive, science-based and effective containment measures. With over 1.4 billion people uniting as one and displaying extraordinary tenacity and dedication, a formidable defense line was erected against the virus. This collective effort of the whole nation enabled China to withstand multiple waves of outbreaks and emerge victorious from the crisis – a historic feat for a populous nation like China.

作为负责任大国，在新冠疫情发生后，中国在溯源这个科学问题上一直秉持科学态度，积极与世界卫生组织沟通合作。中国率先主动邀请世界卫生组织选派国际专家组两次来华合作开展联合溯源研究。专家组囊括了相关领域权威专家，以高度敬业、高度勤奋、高度专业的态度进行调研、访谈，收集与分析大量数据，最终形成并向全世界发布的联合研究报告，以其严谨、科学的结论得到国际社会和科学界的广泛认可。
As a major country that shoulders its responsibilities, China has always applied a science-based approach to the task of tracing the virus origins, actively engaging with the WHO in communication and cooperation from the start of the outbreak. At the invitation of China, the WHO sent two international expert missions to the country to carry out a joint study into the origins of the virus. These missions were staffed by authoritative experts across relevant disciplines who conducted site visits, interviews, and extensive data collection and analysis with the utmost dedication, diligence and professionalism. Their findings were compiled into a joint study report that was released globally. With its rigorous and scientifically sound conclusions, the report earned endorsements from both the international community and the scientific community.

为系统介绍中国新冠病毒溯源和国际抗疫合作有关工作及成效贡献，倡导科学溯源和国际合作，揭批美国抗疫不力的事实，特发布此白皮书。
The Chinese government is releasing this white paper to present a systematic overview of China’s key achievements in tracing the origins of SARS-CoV-2, to attest to its contribution to international cooperation in the response to the global pandemic, to advance scientific endeavors and foster global collaboration in this critical domain, and to expose the mismanaged pandemic response in the United States.

一、为新冠病毒溯源贡献中国智慧
I. Contributing Chinese Wisdom to the Study of the Origins of SARS-CoV-2

（一）中国积极主动开展新冠病毒溯源研究
1. China’s Efforts in Tracing the Origins of the Virus

自疫情暴发以来，中国持续投入大量资源支持本国科学家与国际同行一起开展新冠病毒溯源研究，并且始终以开放透明的态度履行国际责任。中国率先开展临床流行病学、分子流行病学、环境流行病学、动物宿主追踪等关键领域的溯源研究，与世界卫生组织密切合作，并于2020年、2021年两次邀请世界卫生组织专家来华开展联合溯源研究，始终以高度的责任感全力配合世界卫生组织关于新冠病毒的联合溯源研究。
Since the outbreak of the pandemic, China has consistently dedicated substantial resources to collaborative studies into the origins of the virus, involving both Chinese and international scientists. Upholding its international responsibilities with openness and transparency, the country spearheaded research initiatives in critical fields such as clinical epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, and the identification of animal hosts. Demonstrating a strong sense of global responsibility, China closely collaborated with the WHO on the study of the virus origins, and in 2020 and 2021, invited WHO expert missions to China to carry out a joint study into this field.

2020年7月至8月，中国专家与世界卫生组织专家进行了来华开展新冠病毒溯源合作研究的预备性磋商，达成《世界卫生组织召集的全球新冠病毒溯源研究中国部分工作任务书》。2020年10月至12月期间，中国科学家同世界卫生组织国际团队举行了4次视频会议，交流了全球新冠病毒溯源研究最新进展和联合溯源工作方法。
In July and August 2020, Chinese experts held preparatory consultations with their WHO counterparts concerning cooperation in scientific research on virus origins tracing in China, and together outlined the “WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part – Terms of Reference”. From October to December 2020, Chinese scientists held four virtual meetings with a WHO-assembled team of international experts to share updates on global SARS-CoV-2 origins research and to align methodologies for the joint study.

2021年1月至2月，17名中国专家与来自世界卫生组织、世界动物卫生组织（国际兽疫局）及其他国家的17名国际专家组成国际联合专家组，在中国武汉进行了为期28天的现场联合研究。2月9日联合专家组召开新闻发布会，发布全球新冠病毒溯源研究中国部分工作的主要研究成果。
In January and February 2021, a 28-day joint study was conducted in Wuhan, China, by a team of 17 Chinese experts and 17 international experts from the WHO, the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties) and several countries. On February 9, the joint team held a press conference to announce key findings from their study.

2021年3月30日，世界卫生组织召开成员国信息通报会和新闻发布会，正式通报全球新冠病毒溯源研究中国部分工作有关情况，并在世界卫生组织官网正式发布《世卫组织召集的SARS-CoV-2全球溯源研究：中国部分——世卫组织－中国联合研究报告》。
On March 30, 2021, the WHO organized a member state information session and press conference to present the findings about the origins of the virus and published the “WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part – Joint WHO-China Study” on its website.

自2021年至今，世界卫生组织新启动组建了新型病原体起源国际科学咨询小组（SAGO）。其间，中国按照《世卫组织召集的SARS-CoV-2全球溯源研究：中国部分——世卫组织－中国联合研究报告》中的下一阶段研究计划，持续统筹资源，在流行病学、分子流行病学、动物与环境乃至实验室检查等方向开展了全面深入调查研究和分析，相关进展和结论已由中方科学家通过与世界卫生组织和SAGO报告交流或通过在国际国内学术期刊上发表文章等方式，与国际科学界和同行进行了分享。
From 2021 onward, the WHO started to build a Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO). Meanwhile, China has allocated resources to advance comprehensive and in-depth research and analysis in epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, animal and environmental studies, and laboratory audit, as outlined in Phase 2 of the “Joint WHO-China Study”. Chinese scientists have shared progress and findings with the international scientific community and other professionals through reports to the WHO and SAGO or papers published on Chinese and international academic journals.

截至目前，尚无任何证据与《世卫组织召集的SARS-CoV-2全球溯源研究：中国部分——世卫组织－中国联合研究报告》结论相悖。可以认为，在中国开展的新冠病毒溯源研究已经结束。
To date, no findings have contradicted the conclusions of the “Joint WHO-China Study”. It is fair to say that the study on the origins of SARS-CoV-2 conducted in China has ended.

世卫组织召集的SARS-CoV-2全球溯源研究中国部分取得丰富研究成果，整个过程中的科学发现和工作范式为在其他国家开展更广范围的溯源工作提供了基础和指导。
The WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China part has produced extensive research results. Its methodology and scientific findings have laid the foundations and provided guidance for similar efforts in other countries.

病毒溯源问题是科学问题，不应将其政治化和污名化，应鼓励多国科研机构和专家学者分享证据，开展系统研究。尤为重要的是，应防止类似新发传染病发生大流行，再次危及人类健康和安全。
Tracing the origins of SARS-CoV-2 is a scientific endeavor that must not be politicized or exploited as a means of stigmatization by any country. The global community should encourage research institutions and professionals of all countries to share evidence and conduct systematic studies. Above all, pandemic prevention should be a priority, as similar outbreaks in the future could pose another catastrophic threat to human health and security.

（二）中国公开透明发布新冠病毒溯源进展
2. China’s Open and Transparent Updates on Its Findings Regarding the Origins of the Virus

2020年，中国科学院等多个团队对新冠病毒共祖时间反推分析显示，中国武汉的疫情较可能出现在2019年11月中旬到12月初之间，与首例报告病例的发病时间12月8日高度吻合。
In 2020, a study on the time to the most recent common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2, conducted by scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and collaborating teams, indicated that the outbreak in Wuhan likely occurred between mid-November and early December 2019. This timeline aligns closely with the onset date of the first reported Covid-19 case – December 8 of that year.

2021年的联合研究结束后，中国科学家再次对7.6万份医疗机构筛查记录以及174例早期病例进行时空分布分析，进一步证实2019年10月至12月初武汉未出现异常呼吸道疾病聚集现象。
After the joint WHO-China study concluded in 2021, Chinese scientists made another spatiotemporal distribution analysis of 76,000 screening records from medical institutions and 174 early confirmed cases. The analysis revealed no evidence of unusual clusters of respiratory illnesses in Wuhan between October and early December 2019.

2022年，中国科学家针对武汉从2019年9月1日至12月31日期间43850份献血样本开展血清学和流行病学分析，未发现新冠病毒特异性抗体，表明2019年12月之前武汉当地没有新冠疫情。
In a 2022 serological and epidemiological study, Chinese scientists detected no specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 43,850 blood donation samples collected in Wuhan between September 1 and December 31, 2019. These findings provided evidence that the virus was not present in Wuhan prior to December 2019.

中国国内多个研究团队对全国蝙蝠、穿山甲、野鸟、野猪、貉等野生动物以及养殖的家畜家禽样本共计8万余份开展了系统的检测，样本采集时间跨度自2017年至2021年，未发现新冠病毒在中国境内的野生动物和家畜家禽中传播。2020年初，中国医学科学院团队针对武汉及其周边地区蝙蝠种群筛查，未检出与新冠病毒相关的基因序列，基本排除新冠病毒起源于武汉周边野生动物的可能性。
A number of research teams in China conducted systematic testing on more than 80,000 samples collected from bats, pangolins, wild birds, wild boars, raccoon dogs, and other wildlife, as well as livestock and poultry across the country. Sample collection spanned from 2017 to 2021, and the analyses detected no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in these animal populations. Additionally, in early 2020, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences screened bat species in Wuhan and its surrounding areas and found no virus genetically related to SARS-CoV-2. These findings effectively ruled out the possibility that this virus originated from local wildlife in the Wuhan vicinity.

2023年，中国疾控中心发表论文，显示疫情初期对华南海鲜市场采集的457份动物样本的新冠病毒核酸检测均为阴性，923份环境样本检测结果显示74份样本为新冠病毒核酸阳性，对分离的3株病毒开展测序，结果显示其基因组与早期病例基因组同源性为99.9%－100%，提示为感染新冠病毒的患者排毒造成。
In 2023, a paper published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention showed that all 457 animal samples collected from the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in the early stage of the epidemic tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, while 74 out of 923 environmental samples from the market were positive. Genomic sequencing of three isolated viral strains revealed 99.9-100 percent genetic identity with early Covid-19 cases, indicating that viral shedding by infected individuals was the likely source of contamination in the market environment.

2020－2022年间武汉以外多地发生的聚集性疫情的溯源结果提示境外冷链物流传入的可能性。2020年6月和7月先后在北京市新发地、大连市发生新冠疫情。值得注意的是，在此之前北京市连续56天没有本土疫情，大连市连续111天没有本土疫情，且该轮疫情北京早期病例主要集中在新发地市场水产区域的售卖人员，大连早期病例主要集中在海鲜公司的水产品加工车间工人。多项溯源调查证据提示，病毒源头均指向境外其他国家和地区，通过冷链运输带入中国。
Source tracing of outbreaks in clusters in locations other than Wuhan between 2020 and 2022 revealed the likelihood of introduction from overseas through cold-chain transportation. In June and July 2020, new outbreaks emerged in Beijing’s Xinfadi Agricultural Products Wholesale Market and Dalian, Liaoning Province. It is worth noting that prior to these outbreaks, no new cases had been confirmed in Beijing and Dalian for 56 and 111 consecutive days, respectively. In addition, Beijing’s early cases were primarily concentrated among stallholders from the aquatic products section in Xinfadi market, while those in Dalian involved aquatic product processing workers in a seafood company. Several tracing investigations indicated that the virus originated from other countries and regions and subsequently entered China via cold-chain transportation.

2020年9月24日，青岛市发现两名装卸工人感染新冠病毒。两例病例无旅行史，亦无与其他病例的接触史，唯一能建立流行病学联系的是他们均在2020年9月19日从事过同一批进口冷冻食品的装卸工作。从该批冷冻食品外包装的多份样本检出新冠病毒核酸阳性，并通过全基因测序分析证实该批冷链食品外包装污染的新冠病毒为两例病例感染的病毒来源，且冷链外包装上分离培养出新冠病毒。这是国际上首次在冷链食品外包装上分离到新冠活病毒，由此证明冷链运输是新冠病毒的传播途径之一。
On September 24, 2020, two stevedores in Qingdao, Shandong Province were diagnosed with Covid-19. The two cases had no travel history or contact with other confirmed cases. The only epidemiological link was their involvement in handling the same batch of imported frozen food products on September 19, 2020. Several samples from the outer packaging of the frozen food products tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. Whole genome sequencing confirmed that the virus detected on the packaging was the source of infection for the two cases, and viable virus from the packaging was successfully isolated and cultured. This marked the world’s first successful isolation of viable SARS-CoV-2 from cold-chain food packaging, demonstrating cold-chain transportation as a transmission pathway for SARS-CoV-2.

回顾在疫情初期武汉早期病例主要发生在华南海鲜市场水产品销售区域的情况，2019年末发生在华南海鲜市场的新冠疫情存在着通过冷链由境外引入的可能性。
Given that the early confirmed cases in Wuhan were concentrated in the aquatic products section of Huanan market, there is a possibility that the outbreak in the market at the end of 2019 was introduced to China from abroad via cold-chain transportation.

上述系列研究成果在《世卫组织召集的SARS-CoV-2全球溯源研究：中国部分——世卫组织－中国联合研究报告》和《柳叶刀》《自然》《细胞》《国家科学评论》《科学报告》《病毒进化》等国际期刊陆续发表，以坚实的实验数据支持了新冠病毒在中国引入人类的四种途径的可能性评估结论，即：人兽共患病直接溢出是“可能到比较可能”的途径，通过中间宿主引入是“比较可能到非常可能”的，通过冷链引入是“可能”的，通过实验室引入是“极不可能”的。这种全程公开、持续协作的立场，彰显了中国对科学精神的坚守和对人类卫生健康共同体的责任。
These findings were published in the “Joint WHO-China Study” and international journals including The Lancet, Nature, Cell, National Science Review, Scientific Reports, and Virus Evolution. With solid laboratory data supporting the likelihood of four possible introduction pathways, the study concluded:

• Direct zoonotic spillover is considered to be a possible-to-likely pathway;
• Introduction through an intermediate host is considered to be a likely to very likely pathway;
• Introduction through cold/food chain products is considered a possible pathway;
• Introduction through a laboratory incident was considered to be an extremely unlikely pathway.

China’s fully open and collaborative stance demonstrates its commitment to scientific principles and integrity, and its responsibility for building a community of health for all.

中国以最大诚意参与新冠病毒溯源，是因为坚信真相不在预设的指控中，而在数据的缜密验证里。通过系统开展流行病学、分子溯源、动物宿主排查与冷链输入研究，排除了武汉作为新冠病毒自然起源地的可能性，并为全球科学界提供了关键的实证数据与研究范式。
China has actively participated in global virus origins-tracing efforts with the greatest sincerity, as it firmly upholds that the truth does not lie in premature accusations but in meticulous data-based verification. Through systematic epidemiological investigations, molecular tracing, animal host screening, and studies on cold-chain transmission, the possibility of Wuhan being the natural origin of SARS-CoV-2 was scientifically ruled out. These efforts have provided the global scientific community with critical empirical evidence and established a research paradigm for future studies.

二、为全球抗疫贡献中国力量
II. China’s fully open and collaborative stance demonstrates its commitment to scientific principles and integrity, and its responsibility for building a community of health for all.

突发公共卫生事件是人类面临的共同挑战，需要世界各国携手应对。新冠疫情发生以来，从第一时间向世界卫生组织和国际社会分享疫情信息和病毒基因序列，到多次邀请世界卫生组织国际专家组到本国开展新冠病毒溯源合作；从毫无保留分享防控和诊疗经验，到力所能及为国际社会提供大量物资和援助，中国始终秉持人类命运共同体理念，广泛开展国际抗疫合作，为国际抗疫注入强劲动力，作出重要贡献。
Public health emergencies are a universal challenge confronting humanity and require a joint response from all countries. After the onset of the epidemic, China shared the epidemic information with the WHO and the international community in a timely manner, and provided the genome sequence of the virus. It also invited WHO international expert missions to the country to conduct a joint study into the origins of SARS-CoV-2, shared without reservation its effective measures for prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment, and did all it could to provide massive supplies and extensive aid to the international community. The vision of a global community of shared future guided China’s broad international cooperation. The country’s significant contribution has given a strong impetus to the global fight against Covid-19.

（一）毫无保留分享疫情信息
1. Sharing Information Without Reservation

疫情暴发以来，面对前所未知、突如其来的新冠疫情，中国本着依法、及时、公开、透明的原则，第一时间同国际社会分享疫情信息，与世界卫生组织及美国等有关国家和地区保持密切沟通。
When Covid-19 struck, in the face of this unforeseen and unexpected public health emergency, China released information in a law-based, timely, open and transparent manner, kept the international community informed of the evolving situation in the country, and maintained close communication with the WHO, and the US and other relevant countries and regions.

中国于2020年1月8日确定病原体，1月9日向世界卫生组织通报疫情及病原学鉴定取得的进展，1月12日向世界卫生组织提交新冠病毒基因组序列信息，并在全球流感共享数据库（GISAID）发布，为国际社会疫情防控、疫苗和检测试剂研发提供了科学依据，2020年1月3日起定期向世界卫生组织、有关国家和地区组织及时主动通报疫情信息。
On January 8, 2020, China identified the pathogen. On January 9, it briefed the WHO on its domestic epidemic situation and its progress in etiological identification. On January 12, China submitted to the WHO the genome sequence of the virus, which was published by the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data. It provided the international community with a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the pandemic, and for research into and development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents. From January 3, 2020, China began to update the WHO, relevant countries, and regional organizations on the epidemic situation on a regular basis.

中国在全力做好疫情防控的同时，以对生命负责、对人民负责、对历史负责、对国际社会负责的态度，建立最严格的且专业高效的信息发布制度，第一时间发布权威信息，速度、密度、力度前所未有。中国建立严格的疫情发布机制，制定严格规定，坚决防止瞒报、迟报、漏报。
While sparing no effort to contain the virus, China demonstrated a keen sense of responsibility for life, its own people, the international community, and posterity, by establishing a rigorous, professional and efficient information release system to enable timely and authoritative updates. China’s information release was unprecedented in terms of scope, efficiency and intensity. China enacted robust information release mechanisms and provisions to prohibit withholding information, underreporting, or delay in reporting cases of infection.

武汉市从2019年12月31日起依法发布疫情信息，并逐步增加信息发布频次。2020年1月21日起，国家卫生健康委每日在官方网站、政务新媒体平台发布前一天全国疫情信息；2月3日起，国家卫生健康委英文网站同步发布相关信息。
On December 31, 2019, the Wuhan municipal government began to release epidemic information in accordance with the law and increased the frequency of communications step by step. Beginning on January 21, 2020, the National Health Commission (NHC) provided daily updates on its official website and its social media platform with nationwide case numbers from the previous day. From February 3, 2020, the NHC began to release information simultaneously on its English-language website.

中国建立分级分层新闻发布制度，截至2020年5月31日，国务院联防联控机制、国务院新闻办公室共举行新闻发布会161场，邀请50多个部门490余人次出席发布会，回答中外媒体1400多个提问；湖北省举行103场新闻发布会，其他省份共举行1050场新闻发布会。
China established a tiered news release system. By May 31, 2020, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism and the Information Office of the State Council had held 161 press conferences, during which over 490 officials from more than 50 government departments answered over 1,400 questions from Chinese and foreign media. One hundred and three press conferences were held in Hubei and 1,050 in the other provinces over the same period.

国家卫生健康委中、英文官方网站和政务新媒体平台设置疫情防控专题页面，发布每日疫情信息，解读政策措施，介绍中国抗疫进展，普及科学防控知识，澄清谣言传言。
The official Chinese and English websites of the NHC, together with its social media platform, established special sections to release daily updates, interpret policy measures, brief on domestic progress, share knowledge on the virus and its prevention, and dispel rumors.

中国积极向全球分享经实践检验有效的疫情防控经验。2020年2月24日晚，中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组在北京举行发布会，考察组外方组长、世界卫生组织总干事高级顾问布鲁斯·艾尔沃德表示，全球社会尚未做好采用中国方式方法的准备，而中国的方法被事实证明是成功的方法。
China shared with the world its successful approach to fighting the pandemic. On the evening of February 24, 2020, the WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing. Dr Bruce Aylward, team leader of the joint mission and senior advisor to WHO director-general, observed that the global community was not yet ready in mindset or with the materials to implement the measures that had been employed in China, which had proved to be successful in containing Covid-19.

2020年3月12日，中国与世界卫生组织共同召开分享防治新冠疫情中国经验国际通报会，反响热烈。世界卫生组织多次积极评价中国强有力的防控措施为世界树立了新的国际标杆，呼吁各国借鉴中国经验。
China shared with the world its successful approach to fighting the pandemic. On the evening of February 24, 2020, the WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing. Dr Bruce Aylward, team leader of the joint mission and senior advisor to WHO director-general, observed that the global community was not yet ready in mindset or with the materials to implement the measures that had been employed in China, which had proved to be successful in containing Covid-19.

2020年，中国与东盟、欧盟、非盟、亚太经合组织、加共体、上海合作组织等国际和地区组织，以及韩国、日本、俄罗斯、美国、德国等国家，开展了70多场疫情防控交流活动。
In 2020, China conducted more than 70 Covid-19 prevention and control exchanges with international and regional organizations including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the European Union, the African Union, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Caribbean Community, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as countries including the Republic of Korea, Japan, Russia, the United States, and Germany.

中国在2020年上半年就已将诊疗和防控方案翻译成3个语种，分享给全球180多个国家、10多个国际和地区组织参照使用。专门建立国际合作专家库，密集组织具有实战经验的权威公共卫生和临床专家，向全球分享有效的疫情防控、诊疗方案和技术经验。主动推出新冠疫情防控网上知识中心，在线分享疫情防控科普、培训视频、最新技术指南和研究成果，全球20余万人关注。
In the first half of 2020, China shared with more than 180 countries and over 10 international and regional organizations its diagnosis, treatment and control protocols in three foreign languages. It built an expert database for international cooperation, and on a frequent basis organized highly experienced public health and clinical experts to share their approaches to prevention and control as well as diagnosis and treatment. Sharing Covid-19 prevention and control knowledge, training videos, updated technical guides, and latest research results, China’s online information center for Covid-19 prevention and control attracted a global audience of more than 200,000.

在新冠病毒溯源问题上，中国始终秉持科学、开放、透明精神，积极支持参与全球科学溯源，同时坚决反对任何形式的政治操弄。中国是迄今唯一多次邀请世界卫生组织国际专家组到本国开展新冠病毒溯源合作的国家，也是唯一多次组织专家同世界卫生组织分享溯源进展的国家。
Concerning the study of the origins of SARS-CoV-2, China has been committed to a science-based, open and transparent approach, actively supported and engaged in the effort, while opposing political manipulation in any form. To date, China is the only country that has invited multiple WHO international expert missions to conduct joint studies on its territory, and is the only country that has organized its experts to share with the WHO its virus origins-tracing progress on multiple occasions.

在新冠病毒溯源问题上，中国分享的数据和研究成果最多，为全球溯源研究作出的贡献最大。世界卫生组织国际专家多次表示，在华考察期间去了所有想去的地方，见了所有想见的人，看了所有想看的材料，中方的开放透明超乎预期。
China has shared the largest collection of data and research results and contributed the largest share to global SARS-CoV-2 origins-tracing efforts. Members of the WHO international expert missions have emphasized on many occasions that during their visits to China, they were able to access all the localities, interviewees and files they had planned to access, and that China’s information openness and transparency far exceeded their expectations.

国际社会普遍公认，中方充分及时有效地履行了《国际卫生条例》规定的义务，行动速度之快、规模之大，世所罕见。美方一些政客无视中国发出的信息，出于政治目的操弄新冠病毒溯源，不仅耽误本国疫情应对，还严重破坏国际抗疫努力，放纵了病毒的滋生蔓延。
The international community widely acknowledges that the Chinese side has fully, timely and effectively fulfilled the obligations prescribed by the International Health Regulations (IHR) through prompt and extensive actions rarely seen anywhere in the world. In the US, some politicians, ignoring China’s communications, manipulated origins tracing of the virus for political ends. This has not only delayed their country’s pandemic response, but also severely undermined the global effort and exacerbated the spread of the virus.

（二）竭尽所能支援全球抗疫
2. Assisting in the Global Fight Against Covid-19 with All Resources Available

作为一个拥有14亿多人口的发展中国家，中国在自身疫情防控面临巨大压力的情况下，力所能及地为国际社会提供援助。疫情暴发之初，中国向世界卫生组织提供两批共5000万美元现汇援助，积极协助世界卫生组织“团结应对基金”在中国筹资。
As a developing country with more than 1.4 billion people, China has done all in its power to provide assistance to the international community, even as it faced the tremendous pressure of pandemic control itself. At the beginning of the pandemic, China provided two batches of monetary support totaling US$50 million to the WHO and actively helped its Covid-19 Solidarity Response Fund to raise funds in China.

中国在2020年向34个国家组建派出38批次抗疫专家组协助抗疫，参访医疗机构405个，开展技术指导907次，举行会议540场，接受国内外媒体采访306次，开展培训461次，覆盖人数超165万。
In 2020, China organized 38 medical expert teams and sent them to 34 countries to assist in pandemic control. They visited 405 medical facilities, held 907 technical support sessions and 540 meetings, gave 306 interviews to domestic and international media, and held 461 training sessions for over 1.65 million trainees.

2020年以来，中国向57个国家派遣176批次3000余名援外医疗队员，举办各类培训和健康教育活动900余场，培训当地各类人员6.7万余人次，发布多语种公告和防护指南6000余份，救治境外新冠患者2.85万人次，积极协助抗疫。11国元首或政府首脑亲自为医疗队授勋，2300余人次获受援国政府、我驻外使领馆颁发的奖励表彰。
Since 2020, China has sent more than 3,000 medical workers in 176 teams on foreign aid missions to 57 countries. They have held more than 900 training and health education sessions of various types for over 67,000 local trainees, published over 6,000 notices and guides on epidemic prevention and self-protection in multiple languages, and treated 28,500 overseas Covid-19 patients. Heads of state or government from 11 countries have conferred medals on the medical teams, and over 2,300 members have received awards and commendations from the governments of recipient countries, and Chinese embassies and consulates abroad.

新冠疫情突然来袭，中国国内防疫物资需求明显增加，个人防护用品供应紧张。中国迅速采取行动，加大医疗物资生产力度，许多中国企业响应政府号召，取消春节休假，返岗生产，加班加点生产了大量的口罩、防护服、检测试剂等抗疫物资。截至2020年2月底，中国口罩日产量达到1.16亿个，尤其是2月21日到2月29日的短短9天内，实现了口罩日产能从4300万个到超过1亿个的快速、巨大提升，为后续供应援助全球抗疫贡献了中国力量。
The sudden onslaught of Covid-19 triggered a dramatic surge in China’s demand for anti-epidemic materials and imposed strain on the supply of personal protective equipment. China acted immediately to expand the production of medical supplies. Many Chinese companies answered the call of the government. Workers gave up their holidays for the Chinese New Year and worked overtime to produce large quantities of medical supplies, including masks, protective suits, and testing kits, to support the fight against Covid-19. By the end of February 2020, China’s daily mask production had reached 116 million. In particular, in nine days from February 21 to 29, its daily production of masks shot from 43 million to over 100 million. This laid the groundwork for China to provide supplies and aid to the global fight against the pandemic.

尽管中国国内疫情防控物资处于“紧平衡”甚至是供不应求的状态，仍想方设法为各国采购防疫物资提供力所能及的支持和便利，打通需求对接、货源组织、物流运输、出口通关等堵点，畅通出口环节，有序开展防疫物资出口。2020年1月至2022年5月，中国累计向包括美国在内的153个国家、15个国际组织提供了超过46亿件防护服、180亿人份检测试剂、4300亿个口罩，有效缓解了全球抗疫物资短缺的困境。
Though the domestic supply of materials for epidemic prevention and control remained tight and China was still struggling to meet surging demand, the country tried every possible means to provide support and convenience for other countries in purchasing such materials. To make arrangements for orderly exports of protective materials, it smoothed the channels for supply-demand docking, organized logistics, transport, and the supply of goods, and accelerated customs clearance. From January 2020 to May 2022, China supplied over 4.6 billion protective suits, 18 billion testing kits, and 430 billion masks to 15 international organizations and 153 countries, including the US, thus alleviating the global shortage of supplies needed to combat Covid-19.

疫苗是应对疫情的有力武器，也是稀缺的公共产品。中国最早承诺将新冠疫苗作为全球公共产品，最早支持疫苗研发知识产权豁免，最早同发展中国家开展疫苗生产合作。为弥合“免疫鸿沟”，中国加入“新冠疫苗实施计划”，为发展中国家提供疫苗援助。
Vaccines are a powerful weapon against Covid-19, as well as a scarce public good. China was the first country to commit to making Covid-19 vaccines a global public good, to support the waiver of intellectual property rights on Covid-19 vaccines, and to work with other developing countries to produce Covid-19 vaccines. To bridge the vaccination gap, China joined the Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility and provided vaccines to other developing countries.

中国自2020年底以来已向120多个国家和国际组织供应超过23亿剂新冠疫苗，完成了中国政府向世界作出的承诺，成为对外提供疫苗最多的国家。全球使用的疫苗中，每两支就有一支是“中国制造”。很多国家特别是发展中国家收到的第一批疫苗来自中国，获得的大多数疫苗也来自中国。
Since the end of 2020, China has provided over 2.3 billion doses of Covid-19 vaccines to more than 120 countries and international organizations. The Chinese government has delivered on its commitment to the world, and China has provided more vaccines to the international community than any other country. One out of every two Covid-19 vaccines used around the world was made in China. The first batches of vaccines received by many countries, especially developing ones, were from China, which also supplied most of their vaccines.

中国积极引领推动国际抗疫合作和全球卫生健康治理，坚定支持世界卫生组织发挥全球抗疫领导作用，呼吁国际社会加大对世界卫生组织政治支持和资金投入。中国加强同世界卫生组织沟通交流，同有关国家在溯源、药物、疫苗、检测等方面开展科研交流与合作，共享科研数据信息，共同交流研究防控和救治策略。
Since the end of 2020, China has provided over 2.3 billion doses of Covid-19 vaccines to more than 120 countries and international organizations. The Chinese government has delivered on its commitment to the world, and China has provided more vaccines to the international community than any other country. One out of every two Covid-19 vaccines used around the world was made in China. The first batches of vaccines received by many countries, especially developing ones, were from China, which also supplied most of their vaccines.

自2020年4月至2022年10月，中国通过科学有效防控扑灭了上百起不同毒株引发的聚集性疫情，保护了上亿民众的身体健康，维护了公共卫生安全，有力支持了全球抗疫斗争。
From April 2020 to October 2022, through sound and effective Covid-19 prevention and control measures, China succeeded in containing more than 100 outbreaks caused by different variants of the virus. By doing so, it protected the health of over 100 million people, safeguarded public health security, and provided resolute support for the global fight against the pandemic.

新冠疫情凸显了全球卫生治理体系存在的短板和漏洞。中国倡议携手共建人类卫生健康共同体，坚持推动建立健全全球公共卫生安全长效融资机制、威胁监测预警与联合响应机制、资源储备和资源配置体系等合作机制。中国支持加强和发挥联合国和世界卫生组织作用，加强全球公共卫生治理能力建设。
The Covid-19 pandemic exposed deficiencies and loopholes in the global health governance system. China calls for the building of a community of health for all and promotes the establishment of sound mechanisms for international cooperation, including a long-term financing mechanism for global public health security, a monitoring, early warning, and joint response mechanism for threats, and a mechanism for reserving and allocating resources. China supports strengthening and leveraging the roles of the United Nations and the WHO, and improving global health governance capacity.

中国派出代表团积极参与世界卫生组织关于防范和应对国际关注的突发公共卫生事件、《国际卫生条例》实施和修订以及“大流行协定”谈判等议题审议，中国顶级专家参与世界卫生组织支持下成立的大流行防范和应对独立小组（IPPPR）及新型病原体起源国际科学咨询小组（SAGO），积极建言献策，参加研讨，为建设惠及全人类、高效可持续的全球公共卫生体系，筑牢保障全人类生命安全和健康的坚固防线贡献了中国智慧、中国方案和中国力量。
China has sent delegations to the WHO and taken an active part in its review of issues regarding the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to public health emergencies of international concern, the implementation and amendment of the IHR, and negotiations on a pandemic treaty. Top-level Chinese experts have been members of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response and the Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens that were established under the auspices of the WHO. By providing expertise and engaging in discussions, they contributed Chinese perspectives, solutions and strengths to building an efficient and sustainable global public health system for the benefit of all humanity and fortifying defenses for the lives and health of all.

正是由于中国坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，持续致力于改善医疗等条件，将更多社会资源投入医疗、教育等各方面，将社会经济发展成果惠及广泛民众，中国人均预期寿命稳步提升，从2019年的77.3岁提高到2020年77.93岁、2021年78.2岁、2022年78.3岁、2023年78.6岁。即使发生了新冠疫情，中国由于实施了科学积极的防控策略，人群健康水平并没有停滞不前或倒退，仍实现了稳定提升。
Committed to its people-centered development philosophy, China has devoted itself to improving medical services, channeling more resources to the medical and education sectors, and ensuring that social and economic development benefits all the people. The average life expectancy of the Chinese people has steadily increased, from 77.3 in 2019 to 77.93 in 2020, 78.2 in 2021, 78.3 in 2022, and 78.6 in 2023. Thanks to China’s sound and proactive strategy for Covid-19 prevention and control, the health status of the Chinese people did not stagnate or regress, but instead continued to improve.

三、美国在新冠疫情大流行中劣迹斑斑
III. The Mismanaged Response of the US to the Covid-19 Pandemic

美国在疫情蔓延初期未能作出及时有效反应，沦为“全球第一抗疫失败国”，成为国际社会的反面教材。面对自身抗疫不力的现实，美方不仅不反思醒悟，还“甩锅”推责、转移视线，将新冠病毒溯源政治化，严重破坏了团结应对全球疫情的国际努力，成为全球公共卫生治理的明显短板。迄今为止，虽然许多美国有识之士多次批评美国政府在应对新冠疫情中的不作为、乱作为，但美国政府不仅没有深刻反省自身在抗疫中的拙劣表现，反而在“甩锅”推责的道路上越走越远，这必将进一步损害美国应对新的公共卫生危机的能力。
The slow and ineffective US response during the early stages of the outbreak set an appalling example to the international community and made the US performance in handling the pandemic the worst of all countries. Instead of facing this issue squarely and reflecting on its shortcomings, the US government has tried to shift the blame and divert people’s attention by shamelessly politicizing SARS-CoV-2 origins tracing. It has severely undermined joint international efforts in the fight against the pandemic and become a weak link in global public health governance. Despite domestic criticisms of its inaction or meddling, the US government has refused to examine its poor performance; rather, it has doubled down on its attempt to evade responsibility. This will inevitably do further damage to its capacity to deal with future public health crises.

2024年底，美国发生严重的人感染高致病性禽流感疫情，美国没有与国际社会分享信息，却在2025年初切断了向世界卫生组织通报信息的渠道，美国疾控中心网站停止更新疫情信息。掩盖疫情事实真相的正是美国。
At the end of 2024, when cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza emerged in the US, it did not share the information with the international community. It then cut off reporting channels to the WHO and stopped updates on its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website at the beginning of 2025. This shows that it was in fact the United States that covered up the truth of the epidemic.

（一）美国未能及时有效应对疫情
1. Failure to Provide a Timely and Effective Response to Covid-19

2020年1月，新冠疫情被检测出正在美国蔓延。面对疫情肆虐，美国政府选择淡化疫情严重性，多次宣称新冠肺炎是会自动消失的“大号流感”，指责世界卫生组织“高估”病毒致死率，毫无科学依据地鼓吹服用羟氯喹和阿奇霉素都是所谓“特效药”，导致药物滥用，延误患者治疗。
In January 2020, the US was aware that an epidemic of a novel coronavirus was spreading quickly within its borders. Choosing to downplay the severity of the epidemic, the US government on multiple occasions compared Covid-19 to the flu, saying that it would disappear automatically one day. It also accused the WHO of overestimating its fatality rate, and advocated the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as “wonder drugs” without solid scientific evidence. This led to drug abuse and delayed the proper treatment of patients.

美国政府还系统剥夺公民对疫情状况的知情权。自2020年3月3日起，美国疾控中心就以“数据不准”为由，不再发布包括感染检测结果在内的关键数据。之后的近三年时间里，美国人民只能通过约翰斯·霍普金斯大学等非官方机构搜集和报告的推测数据来了解疫情状况。
In January 2020, the US was aware that an epidemic of a novel coronavirus was spreading quickly within its borders. Choosing to downplay the severity of the epidemic, the US government on multiple occasions compared Covid-19 to the flu, saying that it would disappear automatically one day. It also accused the WHO of overestimating its fatality rate, and advocated the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as “wonder drugs” without solid scientific evidence. This led to drug abuse and delayed the proper treatment of patients.

2020年4月中旬，美国新冠疫情确诊人数超过66万人。然而美国政府为了大选选票却宣布疫情已经度过“高点”，匆匆推出经济重启方案，宣扬美国社会生活将迅速恢复常态。为强推经济重启，部分美国政客带头违反疫情防控建议，拒绝在公开活动中佩戴口罩，有意将戴口罩、社交隔离等科学问题扭曲为价值观问题，让美国疫情防控步调不一的问题更加严重。
By mid-April 2020, the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases in the US had exceeded 660,000. However, with an eye on the upcoming presidential election, the incumbent administration announced that the pandemic had “passed the peak”, rushed to roll out plans to reopen the economy, and swore to quickly bring life back to normal. To this end, some politicians refused to wear masks in public – they were among the first to defy pandemic control protocols – and undermined sensible precautions, such as mask wearing and social distancing, by portraying them as matters of individual choice. This further desynchronized the pandemic prevention and control efforts of the US.

针对美国在疫情早期应对中的明显“失能”，有美国专家表示，“从流行被首次确认起，美国总统及其团队就在有意将危机降级，无视广为接受的基本公共健康指南”，美国迫切需要“政府检视既有数据，确认失败原因，停止无休止地散布虚假信息”。
Addressing the malfunctioning US government response in the early stages of the pandemic, one American economist commented that from the moment the pandemic was first identified, the US president and his team had downplayed the crisis and ignored basic and widely known public health guidelines. He urged the US government to examine the available data, identify the failures, and call out its relentless misinformation.

疫情冲击下，美国资本主导、费用高昂的医疗体系疲态尽显，贫困民众、少数族裔、老年人口等弱势群体往往首先被放弃治疗。美联社于2020年6月报道，在美国每10个死亡病例中就有8例是65岁以上的老人。美国民众的生命权、健康权根本得不到平等保障。
Covid-19 overwhelmed the costly and profit-driven US medical system, and vulnerable groups such as the impoverished, ethnic minorities, and senior citizens were the first to be abandoned in treatment. According to an Associated Press report in June 2020, of every 10 deaths in the US, eight were people over 65 years old. The American people’s rights to life and health were in no way being guaranteed on an equal basis.

据美国国家健康统计中心公布的数据显示，2019年美国人均预期寿命为78.8岁，但2020年降至77岁，到2021年降至76.1岁，比2019年下降2.7岁。此后2023年美国人均预期寿命虽回升至78.4岁，但远低于大多数发达国家的82岁左右的平均预期寿命，也低于中国的人均预期寿命。美国对待新冠疫情的错误做法，给美国家庭和社会生活蒙上了难以抹去的阴影，最终损害的是本国居民的切身利益和生命健康。
Data from the US National Center for Health Statistics shows that average life expectancy in the country fell from 78.8 in 2019 to 77 in 2020, and further declined to 76.1 in 2021, a decrease of 2.7 years from 2019. Despite an increase to 78.4 in 2023, average life expectancy in the US still remained far below that of most developed countries (82 years), and also lower than that of China. America’s ill handling of the pandemic has caused enduring pain to American families and society, ultimately damaging the immediate interests and health of its own residents.

美国政府为了选举政治的私利，阻挠破坏专业机构、地方政府和民众的疫情防控努力，其结果是两头落空。对于美国在早期抗疫中的巨大失败，有美国媒体评论称，“在所有富裕国家中，有一个国家茕茕孑立，在4个月内反复遭受严重且不间断的暴发。这个国家就是美国”。
The US president thwarted the pandemic prevention and control efforts of professional agencies, local governments, and the public in the belief that this would secure gains in the presidential election. Ultimately, they failed in both the pandemic response and the election. Its errors in its early epidemic response were addressed in an article from a US media outlet, “One country stands alone, as the only affluent nation to have suffered a severe, sustained outbreak for more than four months: the United States.”

民主党上台后，美国政府的疫情应对策略有所调整，然而“党争高于生命”的政治病毒却更加肆虐。大选落败后，不少共和党政治人物开始纵容和传播各种“疫苗阴谋论”，煽动民众的“疫苗抵制”与“疫苗犹豫”。人为制造的反疫苗情绪严重削弱了美国的疫情防控。
After the Democratic Party came to power, the US government adjusted its pandemic response policies; however, a political pandemic of “partisanship over life” was spreading. Some politicians from the defeated Republican party began to encourage and spread vaccine conspiracy theories, inciting resistance to and skepticism about vaccines among the public. Their manipulation of public sentiment severely weakened the country’s pandemic prevention and control.

2022年6月，在奥密克戎变异株掀起感染高峰之际，美国接种过两剂新冠疫苗的人口比率仅为67.2%，在七国集团国家中排名倒数第一，在全球范围内也仅排名第59位。
In June 2022 when the Omicron variant reached its infection peak, only 67.2 percent of the US population were fully vaccinated with two doses, ranking last among the G7 countries and 59th globally.

美国在司法系统和地方层面，破坏疫情防控的做法也层出不穷。佛罗里达州政府坚称民众有所谓“自由选择权”，要求全州学校强行开学，导致师生出现大规模感染。2022年4月，佛罗里达州联邦法官裁定，美国疾控中心要求在公共交通工具上延长口罩强制令的规定“越权”。政治病毒肆虐，导致美国成为“全球第一抗疫失败国”。
There were also numerous local administrative and judicial actions that undermined pandemic containment efforts. Insisting that citizens should be “free to choose”, the state administration of Florida demanded schools across the state to reopen, leading to widespread infection among teachers and students. In April 2022, a federal judge in Florida ruled that the CDC’s prolonged mask mandate for public transportation was “unlawful”. This rampant political virus saw the US become the worst-performing country in the fight against the pandemic.

2023年5月，美国疾控中心发布数据，承认疫情造成美国近113万人死亡，约占同期世界卫生组织公布的全球死亡病例的16.4%，截至2025年3月，至少有122万美国人死于新冠。这一数字与美国的人口数量、经济实力和医疗技术水平严重偏离，只能说明其防控政策的不力性和伪科学性。美国Axios网站民意调查发现，超过50%的美国人认为公共卫生官员在疫苗和口罩预防病毒传播方面对公众撒谎，表示政府没有将公众的健康和福祉放在首位。
CDC data released in May 2023 revealed that deaths caused by Covid-19 in the US totaled 1.13 million, accounting for 16.4 percent of concurrent global deaths reported by the WHO. By March 2025, at least 1.22 million Americans had died of the virus. These figures were out of alignment with the overall population size, economic strength, and level of medical technology of the US, and were indicative of its ineffective and unscientific response policies. According to a public opinion poll conducted by Axios, over 50 percent of Americans believed that public health officials lied about the effect of vaccines and masks in preventing the spread of the virus and that the government did not make the health and wellbeing of citizens a priority.

美国不仅自身应对疫情不力，还以各种方式妨碍、破坏抗疫国际合作。美国政府蓄意隐瞒本国疫情，误导了其他国家和世界卫生组织的研判。
The US not only botched its own response to Covid-19; it also obstructed and sabotaged international cooperation in various ways. The deliberate concealment of information by the US government misled other countries and the WHO in the research and analysis of Covid-19 trend.

2021年3月，美国政府公开表示将在疫苗供应和接种上推行“美国优先”，供给其他国家的只能是过剩疫苗。美国大量采购和囤积疫苗，浪费比例惊人。
In March 2021, the US government publicly announced that it would take an “America First” approach in vaccine supply and vaccination, promising only surplus stocks for other countries. Its massive procurement and stockpiling of vaccines resulted in enormous waste.

据美国疾控中心统计，仅2020年12月到2022年5月，美国就丢弃了8210万剂新冠疫苗，占联邦政府分发总数的11%。美国在国内肆意浪费，在国际上大开空头支票，一面超量囤积疫苗、大搞“疫苗民族主义”，一面发起“反中国疫苗计划”，散布谣言恶毒攻击抹黑中国疫苗。
According to US CDC data, from December 2020 through May 2022, more than 82.1 million doses of Covid-19 vaccines, or 11 percent of the total distributed by the federal government, were discarded in the US. Tolerating reckless waste at home, the US kept hoarding excess vaccines and agitated vaccine nationalism. Its empty promises of vaccine supply to the international community were followed by a smear campaign to discredit China’s vaccines.

美国过度囤积浪费、损人不利己的做法遭到国内批评。2020年12月有美国国内知名人士在接受采访时表示，“在最后一个美国人接种疫苗之前，我们宁可让其他所有人去死，这是一种极端观念，绝非妥当做法”。2021年5月，美国有关智库刊发了针对疫情的“事实核查”，批评美国在对外援助上的“迟疑”只会让自身“在有巨大需求的时刻被看作自私的孤立主义者”。
The excessive vaccine stockpile and waste in the US benefited no one, and its approach came under criticism domestically. A business leader in the US said in an interview in December 2020, “the extreme idea that everybody should die until we have the very last American vaccinated, that’s hardly the appropriate response.” In May 2021, a US think tank released a reality check on the pandemic, criticizing the US for its hesitancy to assist other countries in fighting the pandemic, which would lead to the US “being seen as selfishly isolationist in a time of immense need”.

冰冻三尺非一日之寒，美国未能及时有效应对新冠疫情绝非偶然。在疫情暴发前的很长时间里，美国公共卫生机构的预算和人员都在持续萎缩。据美国媒体报道，美国国家卫生官员协会表示从2008年到疫情暴发前，美国地方公共卫生机构经历了近6万人的裁员、失去了近1/4的劳动力，美国疾控中心的预算较2003年时削减了30%。
The delayed and inadequate response of the US to the pandemic was not a failure by chance. One of the causes was a steady reduction of budget and staff in US public health agencies long before the outbreak. According to national associations of health officials of the US, from 2008 to the pandemic outbreak, almost 60,000 employees of local public health agencies in the US, about a quarter of their workforce, were laid off, and the budget of the CDC for these agencies was cut by 30 percent compared to 2003.

（二）美国百般推卸新冠疫情应对不力责任
2. Shifting Blame for the Ineffective US Pandemic Response

美国把中国当作疫情推责“甩锅”的头号对象。美国政府漠视疫情、行动迟缓，浪费了中国为全球抗疫争取的宝贵时间。为推卸责任，美国国会中的反华势力率先“甩锅”，频频推出指责中国耽误美国抗疫的立法动议。
The US has made China the primary scapegoat for its own mismanaged Covid-19 response. The US government’s indifference and delayed actions wasted the precious time China had secured for the global fight against the pandemic. To avoid culpability for its own failures, the anti-China bloc in Congress has led the charge in deflecting blame by repeatedly introducing legislative proposals that accuse China of hindering the US pandemic response.

2020年3月16日，美国政府在疫情压力下终于颁布了迟来的旅行限制和社交隔离建议，首次承认美国可能因疫情出现经济衰退。次日，美国就在国内大张旗鼓地使用“中国病毒”一词，试图转移美国公众的不满。3月24日，美国时任国务卿在七国集团外长视频会上兜售“武汉病毒”的说法，遭到其他国家反对，会后未能发布联合声明。
On March 16, 2020, the US government finally issued the long-overdue guidelines on travel restrictions and social quarantine, and for the first time admitted that the country could face an economic recession as a result of the pandemic. The following day, it coined and began to use the term “Chinese virus” in an explicit attempt to redirect public discontent at home. On March 24, during a G7 foreign ministers’ virtual teleconference, the US secretary of state pressured his counterparts to adopt the term “Wuhan virus” when referring to SARS-CoV-2. This request was rejected by other member states, and the conference ended without a joint statement.

2020年9月，美国在联大宣扬“中国病毒”，联合国秘书长古特雷斯代表广大联合国成员批评美国，指出疫情应对中的民粹主义和种族主义只会让情况更糟糕。
In September 2020, the US delegation tabled its stigmatizing “Chinese virus” statement at the United Nations General Assembly, prompting criticism from UN Secretary-General António Guterres. Reflecting the collective concerns of member states, he warned that populism and racism in response to the pandemic would only exacerbate the crisis.

美国政府的“甩锅”做法引发了针对亚裔美国人的仇恨犯罪浪潮，众议院为此通过决议，谴责将新冠病毒称作“中国病毒”“武汉病毒”“功夫流感”的做法助长了种族主义。
These scapegoating tactics of the US government triggered a wave of hate crimes against Asian Americans. In response, the House of Representatives passed a resolution, condemning terms such as “Chinese virus”, “Wuhan virus”, and “Kung flu” as fuel for racism.

2021年，美国政府又下令情报机构就所谓疫情起源进行为期90天的“调查”。8月底，美国国家情报总监办公室公布了报告解密要点。该报告充斥对中国的无端指责，但也不得不承认现有信息不足以支持所谓病毒“武汉实验室起源论”。
In 2021, the US government directed its intelligence agencies to launch a 90-day investigation into the origins of SARS-CoV-2. At the end of August, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) released an unclassified summary of its intelligence assessment. While the report was rife with unfounded allegations against China, it had to concede that there was insufficient evidence to support the “Wuhan lab leak” hypothesis.

美国“甩锅”中国根本站不住脚，美国有关机构和权威专家曾多次作出否定“新冠起源于中国”等科学论断，但美国政府刻意隐瞒有关结论和证据。2020年至2023年，美国能源部下属洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室、美国国立卫生研究院、美国国家情报总监办公室等分别在不同调查报告中提及武汉病毒研究所实验室防控没有漏洞，否认武汉病毒研究所存在制造新冠病毒的可能性等，但上述观点均未被美国政府采纳，而是被选择性忽视和隐瞒。
The US allegations are entirely baseless; even its own institutions and authoritative experts have repeatedly debunked the misconception that the virus originated in China. But their findings and evidence have been deliberately suppressed and concealed by the US government. Between 2020 and 2023, three US entities – the Los Alamos National Laboratory (under the Department of Energy), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the ODNI – independently concluded in separate reports that the Wuhan Institute of Virology had maintained strict biosecurity protocols, and ruled out the possibility that the lab had engineered the novel coronavirus. However, not a single one of these findings has been accepted by the US government. Instead, they have been selectively ignored and concealed.

疫情是人类共同的敌人，需要各国共同携手面对，互相支持。2020年2月8日，面对各国积极援助中国应对早期疫情，美国国务院也宣布将给予中国1亿美元援助。然而，美方口惠而实不至，迟迟不见兑现承诺。
The Covid-19 pandemic is the common enemy of all humanity. It requires all nations to join forces in response and support each other. On February 8, 2020, as other countries actively supported China during its initial epidemic outbreak, the US State Department also announced US$ 100 million in assistance. However, to date, that pledge has not been honored.

与此形成鲜明对比的是，中国并未计较美方自食其言，在美方有需要时仍慷慨解囊。2020年4月1日，美国全国公共广播电台播放了美国总统的录音。录音表示，中国正在向美国提供80吨医疗物资，包括180万个口罩、1030万副手套以及数以百万计的其他物品。
In contrast, despite the US failure to keep its promise, China still extended substantial aid when the US was in need. On April 1, 2020, National Public Radio aired a recording of the US president himself, admitting that China was providing the US with 80 tonnes of medical supplies, including 1.8 million masks, 10.3 million pairs of gloves, and millions of other items.

2021年1月29日，有美国媒体报道，中国在2020年3月和4月提供了总价值1200万美元的医疗物资。仅浙江省就向美国12个州提供1100万个口罩，其中包括与其有长达三十年友好省州关系的美国印第安纳州。
According to a report by a US media outlet on January 29, 2021, China provided medical supplies valued at US$12 million in March and April 2020. Notably, Zhejiang Province alone sent 11 million masks to 12 US states, including Indiana, with which it has forged a friendship for over 30 years.

对于中国的不计前嫌和慷慨解囊，一些美国政客毫不领情。由于无法遮掩中国对包括美国在内的世界各国所提供的援助，他们将其污蔑为旨在获取国际影响力的“口罩外交”。美国自身不愿承担帮助其他国家的责任，又不愿意看到中国承担起责任。这种态度既不严肃，也不体面。
However, some US politicians showed no appreciation for China’s magnanimity and generosity. Since they could not conceal China’s aid to the world – including their own country – they smeared it as “mask diplomacy” aimed at influencing the international community. The US was unwilling to assume its responsibility to help other countries, yet it was opposed to China stepping up with such initiatives. Its approach was neither serious nor dignified.

世界卫生组织也是美国的迁怒目标。2020年1月29日，世界卫生组织总干事在结束中国之行后于日内瓦举行记者会，赞赏中国抗击疫情的努力和在疫情信息分享上的高度透明。在此前后，世界卫生组织一直向包括美国在内的国际社会发布警告，提醒“可能暴发更大范围的疫情”。
The US has made the WHO another target of blame.

On January 29, 2020, following his visit to China, WHO director-general commended China’s efforts and transparency at a press conference in Geneva. At that time, the WHO had continuously issued alerts to the international community – including the US – to the threat of a larger-scale pandemic.

2020年4月10日，此前一直将警告斥为危言耸听的美国政府指责美国媒体、世界卫生组织官员、民主党议员防疫失职。4月14日，美国首次宣布将以未能履行基本职责为由，暂停向世界卫生组织拨款。5月20日，美国表示已致信世界卫生组织，要求其在30天内作出“重大实质改善”，表现出所谓“相对中国的独立性”，否则将永久切断对世界卫生组织的资助，重新考虑美国的成员资格。此后不到9天，美国就宣布世界卫生组织未能满足改革要求，美国将退出世界卫生组织。
On April 10, 2020, the US government, which had previously downplayed WHO warnings, accused some American media, WHO officials, and opposition politicians of failing in their duties on pandemic response. On April 14, the US announced a temporary suspension of funding to the WHO, citing the organization’s alleged failure to fulfill its obligations.

On May 20, the US declared that it had sent a letter to the WHO, demanding the organization to make “major substantive improvements” and demonstrate “independence from China” within 30 days; otherwise, it would permanently freeze funding and reconsider its membership in the organization.

Just nine days later, the US announced that it would withdraw from the WHO because of the organization’s failure to adopt these “urgently needed” reforms.

对于美国无底线“甩锅”世界卫生组织的做法，权威医学杂志《柳叶刀》主编称之为“对全球团结的背叛”，呼吁所有科学家、医务工作者和普通人共同抵制反对。
The editor-in-chief of the authoritative medical journal The Lancet condemned the unscrupulous US action of blaming and defunding the WHO as an “appalling betrayal of global solidarity” and called for every scientist, every health worker, and every citizen to resist and rebel against this betrayal.

2021年，美国政府撤销了退出世界卫生组织的决定，表态将重新履行对世界卫生组织的义务。2025年1月20日，美国新一届政府以应对疫情失败和受中国影响为由，宣布再次退出世界卫生组织，演出了又一幕“闹剧”。
In 2021, the US government reversed the decision to withdraw from the WHO and pledged to resume its obligations. However, on January 20, 2025, the new administration made the farcical announcement that it would once again withdraw, citing the organization’s mishandling of the pandemic and its inability to demonstrate independence from China’s influence.

美国的公共卫生专家和专业机构也是美国政客的替罪羊。2020年4月，美国知名传染病专家、白宫疫情工作组成员福奇在接受美国有线电视新闻网采访时表示，此前白宫多次拒绝采取保持社交距离等防疫建议。这一陈述立即遭到美国政府否认，并在共和党支持者中引发了“解雇福奇”运动。
American public health experts and institutions were also made scapegoats for some politicians.

In April 2020, Anthony Fauci, an eminent infectious disease expert and member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force, revealed during a CNN interview that the White House had repeatedly rejected pandemic prevention proposals such as social distancing. The US government immediately denied his statement, sparking calls to “fire Fauci” among its Republican supporters.

2020年大选后，部分美国政客并未放弃对美国公共卫生专家和机构的攻击，而是在国会和右翼媒体中炒作，指责美国国立卫生研究院资助了中国的病毒“功能获得”研究。多名美国专家学者受到美国政客的政治攻击和打压，被停止了正常研究资助，甚至接受听证会质询。美国福克斯新闻主持人公然指责福奇，“美国负责应对新冠疫情的人，原来就是资助制造病毒的人”。前白宫贸易顾问攻击福奇是“新冠病毒之父”，允许中国“制造病毒”。
Even after the 2020 presidential election, some politicians persisted in attacking public health experts and institutions. They trumpeted accusations in Congress and the right-wing media, alleging that the NIH had funded China’s gain-of-function research on the virus. A number of US experts and scholars suffered from political attacks and suppression. Their regular research funding was suspended, and they were subjected to intense questioning at hearings. A Fox News host denounced Fauci publicly on the basis that “the guy in charge of America’s response to Covid turns out to be the guy who funded the creation of Covid”, while a former White House trade adviser labeled Fauci “the father of the actual virus” who had allowed China to “engineer a virus”.

（三）美国密苏里州的涉疫滥诉案纯属政治操弄
3. The Politically Motivated Missouri Lawsuit

从2020年上半年开始，美国一些别有用心的组织和个人，包括密苏里州、密西西比州两地州政府，以新冠疫情为借口对中国进行滥诉，诬称新冠病毒源于武汉病毒研究所泄漏、中方对外隐瞒疫情、中方囤积防疫物资等，要求中方为新冠疫情承担责任、赔偿损失。
Since the first half of 2020, some organizations and individuals in the US, including the Missouri and Mississippi state governments, have initiated groundless lawsuits against China, holding China accountable and seeking damages for losses resulting from the pandemic. They have made spurious allegations – that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a lab leak in the Wuhan virology institute, that China concealed pandemic information from the world, and that China hoarded medical supplies.

当地时间2025年3月7日，美国密苏里州东区联邦地区法院悍然判决中国赔偿其新冠疫情损失244.9亿美元，并支付利息。这一滥诉是美国地方政府出于政治私利恶意提起、突破法律底线的闹剧，完全由州政府自导自演，纯属政治操弄。中方对此坚决反对，更不会接受所谓的缺席判决。这一所谓缺席判决无视基本客观事实，违背基本法理，是对包括中国在内所有国家主权和尊严的严重挑衅，是对国际法治的严重践踏。
On March 7, 2025, local time, the US District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri ruled that China must pay Missouri US$24.49 billion in compensation for Covid-related losses, plus accrued interest. This kind of vexatious litigation, orchestrated by state governments, is a politically motivated farce that violates basic legal principles. China rejects such proceedings and will never accept a judgment delivered in absentia. Disregarding basic facts and violating fundamental legal norms is an affront to the sovereignty and dignity of all nations and to the international rule of law.

根据国际法上的主权平等原则，中国各级政府采取的疫情防控政策措施系国家主权行为，不受美国法院管辖。密苏里州东区联邦地区法院所谓的缺席判决挑战国际法底线，严重违反主权豁免等国际法原则。
According to the principle of sovereign equality enshrined in international law, the policies and measures adopted by the Chinese government for epidemic prevention and control constitute sovereign acts of state which are immune from the jurisdiction of US domestic courts. The Missouri judgment violates this foundational principle.

密苏里州判决中所谓中国对外隐瞒疫情、中国囤积防疫物资纯属无稽之谈。判决所依据的完全是密苏里州单方面提交的不实报告报道和抹黑材料，这些所谓“证据”，毫无法律效力。即使从美国法律的专业角度看，这一所谓判决在证据可采性、证明标准、因果关系等方面都明显有违法律规定和司法实践。
The allegations in the Missouri judgment – that China concealed pandemic information from the world and hoarded medical supplies – are completely unfounded. They are based on fabricated evidence provided by the state government of Missouri that has no legal validity. Even under US law, the judgment violates legal, regulatory, and judicial norms concerning the admissibility of evidence, the burden of proof, and the requirement to demonstrate causation.

中国在疫情初期就向国际社会发出清晰明确的信息，始终坚持公开、透明原则及时向国际社会公布疫情信息，始终站在负责任大国立场无私援助包括美国在内的各国，是全球抗疫物资的主要供应国。而密苏里州政府自身防疫失职，疫情死亡率一度处于全美前列，密苏里州政府通过转嫁责任掩盖自身问题，既不负责任也不道德，这是自私自利、“甩锅”推责的表现，中国绝不接受任何滥诉和索赔要求。中国是全球抗疫贡献国，应该得到公正对待而不是责难和索赔。中国政府不承认、不接受这一荒唐的判决，并坚决采取强有力的反制措施。
At the early stage of the pandemic, China provided clear and timely information to the international community. It adopted an open and transparent approach by immediately releasing relevant information to the world, and it honored its responsibilities as a major country by providing assistance to nations throughout the world – including the US – with no strings attached. China was the world’s major provider of anti-pandemic supplies.

In contrast, the Missouri state government’s incompetent response to the pandemic resulted in its Covid-19 mortality rate ranking among the highest in the US. Now, the state government is trying to shift the blame for its failure, which is both irresponsible and unethical. China will never accede to demands for compensation founded on baseless allegations. China made a significant contribution to the global fight against the pandemic, and deserves recognition and fair treatment, not baseless blame, much less demands for compensation. The Chinese government does not recognize or accept this absurd court judgment and will take resolute countermeasures in defense of its legitimate rights.

（四）新冠病毒溯源指向美国
4. Evidence Pointing to the US as the Origin of Covid-19

大量研究表明，新冠病毒起源于中国境外。美国疾控中心和国立卫生研究院等机构的研究分析均提示美国多个地区存在早于武汉的多个新冠病毒阳性检测结果和线索。
Numerous studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 originated outside China. Research and analysis conducted by the US CDC and NIH indicate that prior to the outbreak in Wuhan, multiple regions in the US recorded positive SARS-CoV-2 test results and other evidence of the virus.

弗吉尼亚州2019年5月至10月报告了19次呼吸系统疾病暴发疫情，显著高于前两年的13－15次，实验室检测显示部分病例病因不明。2019年7月，弗吉尼亚州北部两个社区暴发不明原因肺炎疫情，当地媒体报道为“神秘的疾病”，54人出现发烧、咳嗽和全身无力等症状，2人死亡。同月，与疫情发生地距离仅1小时车程的德特里克堡生物实验室突然被关闭。
From May to October 2019, Virginia reported 19 respiratory disease outbreaks, a significant increase from the 13 and 15 outbreaks recorded during the same period in the previous two years. Laboratory tests were unable to identify the causes of some cases. In July 2019, two communities in northern Virginia reported outbreaks of pneumonia with unknown causes, which local media suspected to be “a mystery virus”. A total of 54 people exhibited symptoms such as fever, coughing, and feableness, resulting in two deaths. That same month, the Fort Detrick Biological Laboratory, located just one hour’s drive from the affected area, was suddenly shut down.

美国多个州2019年出现与新冠肺炎症状几乎没有差别的神秘“电子烟肺炎”，患者出现咳嗽、呼吸困难、疲劳等症状，部分病例进展为严重肺损伤。2019年3月伊利诺伊州和威斯康星州首次报告病例，8月至9月病例数激增，最终全美累计2807例住院，68例死亡，首例死亡发生于2019年8月23日。
In 2019, a number of US states reported mysterious “e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury” cases. The symptoms were highly similar to those of Covid-19, including coughing, shortness of breath, and fatigue, with some resulting in severe lung damage. Illinois and Wisconsin reported their first cases in March 2019, and the number of cases peaked in August and September. This surge led to a total of 2,807 hospitalizations, including 68 deaths, across the US. The first death was recorded on August 23, 2019.

美国疾控中心数据显示，南卡罗来纳州从2019年9月开始就出现“零星的流感”，进入11月之后，当地更是连续六周报告了流感“广泛扩散”。南卡罗来纳州卫生与环境控制部的数据显示，2019年12月第一周全州因流感住院的人数已经比往年同期多了41%。时任美国疾控中心主任在出席有关新冠肺炎疫情听证会时承认，美国确实存在新冠肺炎死亡病例被误认为流感死亡病例的情况。
According to data from the US CDC, sporadic cases of “flu” began to appear in South Carolina as early as September 2019. Beginning in November, a widespread “flu” outbreak was recorded over a six week period in the area. Data from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control revealed that in the first week of December 2019, hospitalizations related to “flu” had increased by 41 percent year-on-year. When testifying in a House hearing related to Covid-19, then US CDC director admitted that some Covid-19 deaths had been misdiagnosed as flu in the US.

美国疾控中心官方公布的佛罗里达州首例新冠肺炎确诊病例时间为2020年3月1日，但佛州卫生部网站曾发布过的171名新冠肺炎患者数据中的确诊时间最早为2020年1月，且171人中大部分没有出国旅行史，说明当时疫情已经在当地社区开始传播。但这些病例的确诊时间等关键数据已被删除，佛罗里达州卫生部一名高级数据主管不久后被解雇。
The US CDC data indicates that the first confirmed Covid-19 case in Florida was on March 1, 2020. However, according to the data on 171 Covid-19 patients published on the Florida Department of Health (DOH) website, the earliest confirmed cases were in January 2020. Most of these individuals reported no international travel history, suggesting that the virus was already circulating in local communities at the time. This crucial information about the timing of their diagnosis has since been deleted, and the then data chief at the Florida DOH was fired shortly after.

美国疾控中心研究论文显示，2019年12月13日至2020年1月17日采集自9个州的7389份血清学调查样本中发现了106份阳性样本，显示新冠病毒可能早在美国首例病例发现前就已存在于美国。美国国立卫生研究院发起的“All of Us”项目分析了2020年1月2日至3月18日期间参与项目50个州的24079份血液样本，在9份样本中检测到了新冠抗体。最早的阳性样本分别来自1月7日和1月8日，来源地为伊利诺伊州和马萨诸塞州。9人中的7人分别在伊利诺伊州、马萨诸塞州、威斯康星州、宾夕法尼亚州和密西西比州的首例确诊病例出现之前。研究结果表明新冠病毒早在2019年12月就在美国各地以低水平传播，比第一批正式报告病例明显提前。
A US CDC study revealed that out of 7,389 serological survey samples collected from nine states between December 13, 2019 and January 17, 2020, 106 were SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive. This suggests that the virus existed in the US before the first official case was identified. Similarly, the NIH “All of Us” Research Program tested 24,079 blood samples collected from participants across 50 states between January 2 and March 18, 2020, identifying nine containing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The two earliest were collected in Illinois and Massachusetts on January 7 and 8, and seven out of the nine predate the first officially reported SARS-CoV-2 infections in Illinois, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Mississippi. These findings show that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating across the US at a low level as early as December 2019, well before the first official cases were recorded.

美国农业部下属的动植物卫生检验局研究表明，2020年1月之前收集的241个白尾鹿样本中，有1例检测到新冠病毒抗体阳性，意味着早在2019年美国的白尾鹿种群内已出现了新冠病毒感染。
A study by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service under the US Department of Agriculture found that of 241 samples taken from white-tailed deer before January 2020, one tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. This indicates that the infection was already present in the deer population as far back as 2019.

2015年1月至2020年6月，北卡罗来纳大学向美国国立卫生研究院报告28起涉及基因工程微生物的安全事故，其中6起涉及冠状病毒，许多病毒经过了基因改造，共8名研究人员可能被感染，只有1人被隔离，北卡罗来纳大学、美国国立卫生研究院和美国疾控中心均拒绝提供调查报告。《柳叶刀》杂志专家表示，新冠病毒或许并非来自自然，而可能来源于美国生物技术实验室的一次意外事故。
From January 2015 to June 2020, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill reported 28 lab incidents involving genetically engineered microorganisms to the NIH. Six of these incidents involved various types of genetically modified coronavirus. Eight researchers might have been infected, yet only one was placed in quarantine. The university, NIH, and CDC all declined to disclose the incident reports to the public. An expert associated with The Lancet suggested that novel coronavirus might not have come from nature, and instead likely came from an incident that occurred in a US bio-technology lab.

2006年到2013年期间，全美国的实验室里，至少发生过1500起严重的实验室事故，涉及严重急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征、埃博拉、炭疽、天花、禽流感、冠状病毒等危害极大的病原体。德特里克堡生物实验室2019年底关闭到底是什么原因，美国还欠全世界一个科学认真的交代。就在2024年11月6日，美国南卡罗来纳州一所实验室还发生43只实验用猴逃逸事件。美国长期以来实验室生物安全事故频发，实验室管理情况堪忧。
Between 2006 and 2013, the US reported at least 1,500 serious laboratory incidents involving coronaviruses and other highly dangerous pathogens linked to diseases such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, anthrax, smallpox, and avian influenza. As recently as November 6, 2024, 43 lab monkeys escaped from a South Carolina research facility. There have been recurring laboratory incidents in the US, and the management of labs is a cause for concern. What were the real reasons for the shutdown of the Fort Detrick Biological Laboratory in late 2019? The US owes the world an explanation.

这诸多疑点均提示美国新冠疫情发生的时间早于其官方公布时间，也早于中国疫情暴发时间，应该对美国开展全面深入的新冠病毒溯源调查。
These questionable events all suggest that Covid-19 may have emerged in the US earlier than the US official timeline, and earlier than the outbreak in China. A thorough and in-depth investigation into the origins of the virus should be conducted in the US.

2025年4月18日，美国白宫网站发布文章，再次在新冠疫情起源问题上栽赃中国，再次暴露了美国将溯源问题政治化的险恶嘴脸，其阴谋绝不会得逞，科学界和国际社会绝不会接受这一荒谬的陈词滥调。
On April 18, 2025, the White House website published an article yet again misrepresenting China as the source of Covid-19. This once more demonstrates the obsessive US determination to politicize virus origins tracing. These attempts to manipulate public opinion will never succeed – the scientific community and the international community are increasingly immune to the incessant falsehoods of the US side.

结束语
Conclusion

应对全球疫情是一个关乎全人类福祉、极为严肃、科学的问题。中国始终秉持科学、开放、透明的精神，积极开展和参与新冠病毒溯源，《世卫组织召集的SARS-CoV-2全球溯源研究：中国部分——世卫组织－中国联合研究报告》是中外专家共同努力的结果，凝聚了联合专家组中外专家的共同心血，得到了国际社会和科学界广泛认可，其劳动应被尊重，其结论不容抹杀。在绝不松懈做好自身防疫的同时，中国始终毫无保留地为全球疫情防控提供中国智慧，竭尽所能地为国际抗疫合作贡献中国力量，充分履行了大国的国际责任，充分展现了大国的道义担当。
Addressing the global Covid-19 pandemic is a serious scientific issue that bears on the health and wellbeing of all humanity. Committed to the principles of science-based approaches, openness, and transparency, China has actively conducted and participated in virus origins tracing. The “WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part – Joint WHO-China Study” is the result of the collaborative study by Chinese and foreign experts. It distills the collective insights from the joint mission and has earned widespread recognition from both the international community and the global scientific world. The contributions of these experts merit respect, and their conclusions cannot be denied.

While unrelenting in its domestic efforts to contain the virus, China has unreservedly shared its experience to facilitate global pandemic control, done all it could for international anti-epidemic cooperation, fulfilled its international responsibilities, and demonstrated its ethical commitment as a major country.

美国是世界第一大经济体和最大发达国家，但在疫情期间不仅未作出与其力量相称的贡献，还破坏了国际社会团结应对疫情的努力，让美国人民沦为疫情的最大牺牲品。美国应停止“甩锅”推责，放弃内病外治的政治图谋，深刻反省和改进公共卫生政策。对自身存在的种种疑点，美国不能继续装聋作哑，要尽快回应国际社会合理关切，主动同世界卫生组织分享本国早期疑似病例数据，公开德特里克堡及在世界各地设立生物实验室以及开展所谓“研究”的情况，给世界人民一个负责任的交代。
Despite being the world’s largest economy and most developed country, the US failed to make contributions commensurate with its capabilities. It sabotaged collaborative global efforts to address the crisis, and left its own people as the primary victims of the fallout.

The US should cease from shifting blame and evading responsibility, stop finding external excuses for its internal malaise, and genuinely reflect on and overhaul its public health policies. The US cannot continue to turn a deaf ear to the numerous questions over its conduct. It must promptly respond to the legitimate concerns of the international community, proactively share with the WHO data on its early suspected cases, disclose information about Fort Detrick, its global network of biological laboratories, and the so-called research conducted therein, and provide a responsible account to the global public.

传染病是人类共同的敌人，任何将科学抗击传染病工作政治化，甚至编造虚假信息攻击他国以谋取自身利益的做法，最终必定会危害包括其本国人民在内的全人类的健康福祉。全球抗疫实践充分证明，大国充分履行国际责任，积极参与共建人类命运共同体，符合历史发展潮流，是应对共同挑战、建设更加美好世界的人间正道。中国将继续与各国携手同行，继续促进全球公共卫生发展和治理，为防范未来可能出现的新发传染病作出更积极的贡献。
Infectious diseases are the common enemy of humanity. Any attempt to politicize the scientific effort against infectious diseases, or to fabricate misinformation in order to attack other countries for self-serving purposes, will ultimately threaten the health and wellbeing of the entire world, including the very nation engaged in such practices.

The global fight against the Covid-19 pandemic provides incontrovertible evidence that major countries must fully assume their international responsibilities and actively engage in building a global community of shared future. This follows the trend of the times and is the right way to address common challenges and build a better world. China will continue to work with all nations in advancing global public health and good governance, and contribute more proactively to preventing new infectious diseases in the future.