区别辨析 across 与 over

(1) 两者均可用来表示“在/到一条线、一条河、一条道路或街道等等的另一边”,表示与细长之物有关的位置或运动。

  • I challenge you to jump over/across the stream.
    我倒要看看你敢不敢跳过这条溪流。
  • The post office is not very far, just over/across the street.
    邮局不是很远,就在街对面。
  • Do you think we'll be over/across the frontier by midday tomorrow?
    你认为明天中午前我们能越过边界吗?

(2) over用于水面上或超出水面上的(但不用于水中的) 运动。

  • How long would it take to swim across the river?
    游过这条河需要用多长时间?(不能用over)

(3) 两者均可用来表示“在高的障碍物(如篱墙、山岭、树篱等) 的另一边”,但要表示向某种高的物体的另一侧运动,则多用over,有时也用across。

  • If we can be over/across the fence before sunrise, we'll get a chance.
    如能在日出前到达篱墙那一边,我们就有机可乘了。
  • When I last saw him, he was climbing very slowly over the fence.
    我最后看见他时,他正缓慢地爬过篱墙。
  • It took us two hours to travel across the mountains.
    我们花了两个小时翻过大山。

(4) across和over均可用于表示“一个区域(如田野、沙漠、舞厅等)内的运动”。

  • Who are those people wandering over/across the fields?
    那些在田野里闲逛的人是谁?

(5) 但如表示“从一个区域的一边到另一边”时,只能用across。

It took him six weeks to walk across the blazing desert.
他花了六周的时间才走过炎热的沙漠。(不用over the desert)

(6) over通常不用于立体空间(如房间)内的运动。

  • He walked across the room, smiling strangely.
    他走到房间另一边,奇怪地微笑着。

(7) 副词over比介词over 含义更宽。 如,通常不说Let's swim over the river to the church.但可以说:Let's swim over to the church.