Immanuel Kant
古典哲学创始人——伊曼纽尔·康德

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that fundamental concepts structure human experience, and that reason is the source of morality. His thought continues to have a major influence in contemporary thought, especially the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics.
伊曼纽尔·康德(1724－1804)，德国哲学家，被认为是现代哲学的中心人物。他认为基本概念塑造人类经验，理性是道德的源泉。他的思想至今仍对当代思想有重要影响，特别是在形而上学、认识论、伦理学、政治哲学和美学领域。

Kant's major work, The Critique of Pure Reason (1781), aimed to explain the relationship between reason and human experience. Kant argued that our experiences are structured by necessary features of our minds. One important consequence of this view is that one never has direct experience of things, the so-called noumenal world, and that what we do experience is the phenomenal world as conveyed by our senses.
康德的主要著作《纯粹理性批判》(1781)意在解释理性和人类经验的关系。康德认为我们的经验是由必要的心理特征塑造的。这一观点的重要结论之一是我们从未真正直接体验过所谓的本体世界，我们所体验的只是由我们的感知所呈现的现象世界。

Kant aimed to resolve disputes between empirical and rationalist approaches. The former asserted that all knowledge comes through experience; the latter maintained that reason and innate ideas were prior. Kant argued that experience is purely subjective without first being processed by pure reason. He also said that using reason without applying it to experience only leads to theoretical illusions. The free and proper exercise of reason by the individual was a theme both of the Age of Enlightenment, and of Kant's approaches to the various problems of philosophy. His ideas influenced many thinkers in Germany during his lifetime, and he moved philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists and empiricists. Kant is seen as a major figure in the history and development of philosophy.
康德试图解决经验和理性方法之间的争端。前者强调知识来自经验，而后者坚持理性和天赋观念居于上位。康德认为经验在未被纯粹理性处理之前是纯粹主观的。他也指出运用理性而不将之应用于经验只能导致理论上的虚幻。个人对于理性的自由且合适的运用是启蒙时代的主题，也是康德在回答各类哲学问题中使用的方法。他的观点影响了当时德国诸多思想家，使哲学超越了理性主义与经验主义的辩论。康德被认为是哲学发展史上的重要人物之一。