Franz Joseph Haydn
“交响曲之父”海顿

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was a prominent and prolific composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio and his contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets “Father of the Symphony” and “Father of the String Quartet”.
弗朗茨·约瑟夫·海顿(1732—1809)是古典主义音乐时期一名杰出的作曲家，创作了大量作品。他推动了室内乐的发展，如钢琴三重奏。因为对音乐形式的杰出贡献，海顿被世人尊称为“交响乐之父”和“弦乐四重奏之父”。

Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria. Neither parent could read music; however, his father was an enthusiastic folk musician, who during the journeyman period of his career had taught himself to play the harp. According to Haydn's later reminiscences, his childhood family was extremely musical, and frequently sang together and with their neighbors. Haydn's parents had noticed that their son was musically gifted and knew that in Rohrau he would have no chance to obtain serious musical training. It was for this reason that they accepted a proposal from their relative Johann Matthias Frankh, the schoolmaster and choirmaster in Hainburg, that Haydn be apprenticed to Frankh in his home to train as a musician.
约瑟夫·海顿出生在奥地利的罗劳。海顿的父母都不会读谱，但父亲是一名对音乐非常着迷的民间音乐家，在他做工匠的时候，曾自学了弹奏竖琴。根据海顿后来的回忆，小时候他们家非常热爱音乐，一家人还有邻居们经常一起唱歌。海顿的父母注意到了海顿在音乐方面的天赋，但他们意识到在劳罗海顿不可能有机会接受正规的音乐培训。因此，海顿父母接受了他们的亲戚约翰·马赛厄斯·弗兰克，即海恩堡的校长和唱诗班指挥的提议，送海顿到弗兰克家里当学徒，接受音乐方面的训练。

Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Esterházy family at their remote estate. Until the later part of his life, this isolated him from other composers and trends in music so that he was, as he put it, “forced to become original”. At the time of his death, aged seventy-seven, he was one of the most celebrated composers in Europe.
在其音乐生涯的很长一段时间里，海顿为富有的艾斯特哈吉家族效力，在其一处较为偏远的庄园担任宫廷乐师。一直到他生命后期，他都接触不到其他作曲家或音乐潮流。用他自己的话说，他“被迫成为原创作曲家”。海顿辞世时享年77岁，是欧洲最负盛名的作曲家之一。