Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
“情感之王”柴可夫斯基

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) was a Russian composer whose works included symphonies, concertos, operas, ballets, chamber music, and a choral setting of the Russian Orthodox Divine Liturgy. Some of these are among the most popular theatrical music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, which he bolstered with appearances as a guest conductor later in his career in Europe and the United States. One of these appearances was at the inaugural concert of Carnegie Hall in New York City in 1891. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension in the late 1880s.
彼得·伊里奇·柴可夫斯基(1840—1893)是俄罗斯作曲家，作品包括交响乐、协奏曲、歌剧、芭蕾乐、室内乐和俄罗斯东正圣餐会的合唱背景，其中一些是经典曲目中最受欢迎的戏剧音乐。柴可夫斯基是第一位国际级的俄罗斯作曲家，影响持久，且在其职业生涯后期前往欧洲和美国做过嘉宾指挥。他曾经出席过1891年在纽约市卡内基音乐厅举办的开幕音乐会。1884年国王亚历山大三世授予柴可夫斯基荣誉，并在19世纪80年代晚期授予他终身养老金。

There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time, and no system of public music education. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from which he graduated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From this reconciliation, he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style.
当时俄罗斯鲜有音乐方面的工作机会，也没有公共音乐教育体系。后来出现了这么一个教育机会，柴可夫斯基便进入了成立不久的圣彼得堡音乐学校学习，并于1865年毕业。他在那里受到了西方式的正规教育，因此与以俄罗斯五大作曲家为首的当代民族主义运动作曲家形成了不同的风格，也使他与这五大作曲家的音乐关系变得复杂。柴可夫斯基接受培训之后，将他从本国音乐实践中学到的东西与自小耳濡目染的音乐糅合在了一起。这样，他就形成了颇具个人特色但毫无疑问又体现了俄罗斯音乐特点的风格。