disaster、calamity、catastrophe与misfortune这些名词均表示“灾难”或“不幸”之意。
disaster : 普通用词,指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。
- It was the second air disaster in the region in less than two months.
这已经是该地区不到两个月内的第二次空难了。
calamity : 多指个人的不幸,比disaster严重,强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。
- 将来会发生些什么不幸的事,他从不远虑。
It is not his custom to look out for distant calamity. - 他们只有坚持不懈地与自然灾害作斗争,才能取得胜利。
They will only triumph by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities.
(拓展学习:小词详解 | calamity)
catastrophe : 语气最强,指可怕的灾难,强调最终的结局。
- They suffered an electoral catastrophe, winning a paltry 3 seats.
他们在选举中惨败,仅获得微不足道的3个席位。
misfortune : 普通用词,多批较为严重的不幸,强调不幸多由外界因素所致。
- She seemed to enjoy the misfortunes of others.
她似乎喜欢幸灾乐祸。