质疑特朗普、与中国达成协议：回顾教宗方济各的一生
Pope Francis’ Calling Came as a Boy in Argentina, and It Led Him to the Vatican
1936: A Deeply Religious Boy
1936年：一个非常虔诚的男孩
Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio on Dec. 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires. His parents were immigrants from Italy, and he was the eldest of five siblings. As a boy, he was intelligent, deeply religious and loved to dance the tango.
教宗方济各本名豪尔赫·马里奥·贝尔格里奥，于1936年12月17日出生在布宜诺斯艾利斯，父母是来自意大利的移民。他是五个兄弟姐妹中的老大，小时侯聪明伶俐，非常虔诚，喜欢跳探戈。
1952: Religious Calling
1952年：宗教的召唤
When he was 16, Jorge was rushing to meet friends but paused at the Basilica of St. Joseph in Buenos Aires, feeling an urge to go inside. In the sanctuary, it felt as though “someone grabbed me from inside,” he said, adding, “Right there I knew I had to be a priest.” He later joined a seminary.
16岁那年的一天，豪尔赫正赶着去见朋友，但在路过布宜诺斯艾利斯的圣若瑟大教堂时，想进去看看的强烈欲望让他停了下来。他说，进入圣殿后的感觉好像是“内心被什么人抓住了”似的，他还说：“就在那一刻，我知道我必须当神父。”后来，他进入了神学院。
1969: Ordination
1969年：被授予圣职
After 13 years of study, Jorge Mario Bergoglio was ordained as a priest.
经过了13年的学习后，豪尔赫·马里奥·贝尔格里奥被授予神父圣职。
1973: A Jesuit Leader
1973年：耶稣会领导人
Father Bergoglio became the head of the Jesuits, an order of priests, in Argentina. At the time, the country was in the throes of a “dirty war,” when the ruling military junta tortured, killed or “disappeared” as many as 30,000 people. Father Bergoglio later faced accusations that he had done little to protect two priests with antigovernment views who were kidnapped and tortured by the regime. He has denied the claims, saying he protected priests and others by pressing military officials behind the scenes.
贝尔格里奥成了神父团体耶稣会的阿根廷领导人。阿根廷当时正处于一场“肮脏战争”的动荡之中，多达3万人被执政的军政府酷刑折磨、杀害或“失踪”。后来有人指控贝尔格里奥没有采取什么行动保护两名持反政府观点的神父，那两人遭到了政府的绑架并遭受了酷刑。贝尔格里奥否认了那种说法，并表示他为保护神父和其他人曾在幕后向军官们施压。
1979: Exile
1979年：流放
Father Bergoglio’s tenure as head of the Jesuits ended in controversy, with critics accusing him of having an autocratic management style. Church authorities sent him into de facto exile in Frankfurt, Germany, and then to Córdoba, Argentina.
贝尔格里奥的耶稣会领导人任期以争议告终，批评人士指责他的管理方式专横。他实际上被教会当局流放，先被派到了德国的法兰克福，后又被派到了阿根廷的科尔多瓦。
1992: A Surprise Turn to Bishop
1992年：意外的主教任命
Father Bergoglio’s exile was interrupted when he was unexpectedly named an auxiliary bishop of the Buenos Aires diocese. He became archbishop six years later, and focused on outreach to the poor. He was elevated to cardinal in 2001.
贝尔格里奥被意外地任命为布宜诺斯艾利斯教区的辅理主教，让他的流放生涯告一段落。六年后，他当上了大主教，并专注于关怀、服务穷人。他在2001年被任命为枢机主教。
2013: The First Latin American Pope
2013年：第一个来自拉丁美洲的教宗
Francis was elected pontiff after Pope Benedict XVI resigned, citing health concerns. Francis tried to move the church away from divisive issues such as abortion and homosexuality, instead focusing on climate change, poverty and migration. His first papal trip was to Lampedusa, an Italian island that had become a beacon for asylum seekers and migrants.
教宗本笃十六世因健康问题辞职后，方济各当选为教宗。方济各试图让教会避开堕胎和同性恋等容易引起分歧的问题，将教会的注意力转向气候变化、贫困，以及移民问题。他成为教宗后的首次出访是去意大利的兰佩杜萨岛，该岛已成为寻求避难者和移民的灯塔。
2014: Addressing Sex Abuse
2014年：处理性侵问题
Francis established a commission to address the church’s clerical sexual-abuse scandals. It included victims of abuse and sought to hold bishops accountable, but the effort eventually fell apart.
为设法解决教会神职人员的性侵丑闻，方济各成立了一个委员会。委员会成员包括性侵受害者，并寻求追究主教们的责任，但这项努力最终失败了。
2014: U.S.-Cuba Agreement
2014年：美国与古巴恢复关系
The United States and Cuba restored diplomatic relations for the first time in decades. Francis was credited with helping bridge the divide between President Obama and President Raúl Castro of Cuba, leading to the historic breakthrough.
美国与古巴在断绝外交关系几十年后首次恢复了外交关系。外界认为方济各在帮助美国总统奥巴马和古巴总统劳尔·卡斯特罗消除分歧方面发挥了作用，促成了这一历史性突破。
2015: A Call to Action on the Environment
2015年：呼吁采取行动保护环境
Francis released “Laudato Si,” the first papal encyclical focused solely on the environment. It called for protecting the environment and denounced the excesses of global capitalism in exploiting the poor.
方济各发布了第一个关注环境问题的通谕。这个题为“Laudato Si”（赞美你）的通谕呼吁保护环境，谴责了全球资本主义剥削穷人的过度行为。
2015: Tending the U.S. Flock
2015年：照管美国信众
During a six-day trip to the United States, Francis became the first pope to address Congress.
方济各在为期六天的访美期间，成了第一位在国会发表演讲的教宗。
2016: Spat With Trump
2016年：与特朗普的争执
Francis repeatedly sought to stand up to nationalism. During the U.S. presidential election, he suggested that Donald J. Trump, the Republican candidate, was “not Christian” because of his preference for building walls rather than bridges. Mr. Trump responded: “For a religious leader to question a person’s faith is disgraceful. I am proud to be a Christian.”
方济各曾多次要求抵抗民族主义。在美国总统大选期间，他曾暗示共和党候选人特朗普“不是一个真正的基督徒”，因为特朗普喜欢筑墙而不是架桥。特朗普的回应是：“宗教领袖质疑一个人的信仰是可耻的。我为自己是一名基督徒而感到自豪。”
2017: Trip to Egypt
2017年：访问埃及
Francis sought closer relations with other religions, especially in places where Catholics were at risk of persecution. At a conference in Cairo, he denounced “demagogic forms of populism” and violence masquerading as piety.
方济各曾寻求与其他宗教建立更紧密的关系，尤其是在天主教徒有受迫害风险的地方。他在开罗的一个会议上谴责了“蛊惑民心形式的民粹主义”和披着虔诚外衣的暴力。
2018: A Deal With China
2018年：与中国达成协议
Francis reached a provisional agreement with the Chinese government to end a decades-long power struggle over the right to appoint bishops in the country. The deal gave the church greater access to China, but also legitimized seven bishops appointed by Beijing, which critics said set a dangerous precedent.
方济各与中国政府达成了一项临时性协议，结束了梵蒂冈与中国几十年来围绕主教任命的权力斗争。该协议让教会在中国有了更大的发展空间，但也让中国政府任命的七名主教得以合法化，批评人士称这开创了一个危险的先例。
2019: A Push to Protect Minors
2019年：推动保护未成年人
Francis issued the church’s most comprehensive response in decades to the sexual abuse crisis. It obligated church officials worldwide to report cases of sexual abuse, and efforts to cover them up, to their superiors. But it did not require officials to report abuse to the police, an omission that enraged victims.
方济各发布了几十年来教会对性侵危机的最全面回应。教宗通谕要求世界各地的教会官员向上级教会报告性侵案件和试图掩盖这些案件的行为，但并未要求教会官员向警方报告性侵行为，这个遗漏激怒了受害者。
2019: The Amazon Summit
2019年：亚马逊世界主教会议
A meeting of bishops from the Amazon region recommended that Francis allow the ordination of married men as priests in remote areas of South America. He signaled an openness to the idea, but ultimately set aside the proposal.
来自亚马逊地区的主教们在一次会上建议方济各允许在南美洲偏远地区授予已婚男性神父圣职。虽然方济各表示在这个问题上持开放态度，但他最终搁置了这个提议。
2020: A Pandemic Blessing
2020年：大流行病期间的祝福
On Good Friday, from a dark, deserted St. Peter’s Square, Francis delivered a blessing and called for solidarity around the world to confront the coronavirus pandemic. At the time, Italy was in lockdown amid a deadly wave of the virus.
在那年复活节前的星期五，方济各在夜幕中几乎空无一人的圣彼得广场发表了祝福，呼吁世界各国团结起来，共同应对新冠病毒大流行。意大利当时面临着导致大量死亡的新冠病毒暴发，处于封控状态。
2022: An Apology to Indigenous People
2022年：向原住民道歉
During a visit to Canada, Francis begged for forgiveness from the country’s Indigenous people for the “evil” inflicted upon them by Christians. He also apologized for the church’s role in running residential schools where Indigenous children were abused and many died.
方济各在访问加拿大期间恳求加拿大原住民原谅基督徒对他们犯下的“罪恶”。他还对教会在加拿大政府开办的寄宿学校中起的作用表示道歉，原住民儿童在那些学校里遭受了虐待，许多人不幸死亡。
2023: An Effort to Include Women
2023年：努力让女性参与
Francis for the first time held a meeting of world bishops that included women and lay people as voting members. The synod, as the meeting is known, broached some of the most sensitive topics in the church, including the role of women, celibacy and the marital status of priests, but it didn’t change those policies. After the meeting, Francis allowed priests to bless gay couples.
方济各召开世界各地的主教会议，首次邀请了女性及平信徒作为投票成员参加。这次教会会议引入了对教会来说最敏感的一些话题，包括女性在教会的作用、神职人员的独身制度和婚姻状况问题，但并未改变有关的政策。方济各在会后表示允许神父为同性伴侣祝福。
2025: Death and Legacy
2025年：逝世与遗产
Francis died on Monday at 7:35 a.m., less than a day after blessing the faithful who had gathered for an Easter Mass in St. Peter’s Square. He appeared on a balcony on Sunday, looking frail, and after blessing the crowd, he deferred to a Vatican aide to address the crowd on his behalf.
周一上午7点35分，方济各逝世，不到一天前，他刚为在圣彼得广场参加复活节弥撒的信徒们祝福。周日，他出现在阳台上时看上去体态虚弱，在祝福了人群后，他请梵蒂冈的一名助手代表他向人群发表了讲话。
Francis had wrestled serious health issues in the preceding months, including a severe respiratory infection that had sent him to the hospital for weeks.
方济各在此前几个月里一直努力应对严重的健康问题，包括导致他住院数周的严重呼吸道感染。
He leaves a legacy of inclusion and activism, having often spoken in support of migrants, the marginalized and the environment.
他留下的遗产是包容和行动主义，他经常发表讲话支持移民和边缘群体，呼吁保护环境。
