(1) affect 和effect是两个容易混淆的词。
①affect用作动词,意思是“(在某方面) 引起变化”,“影响”(have an effect on),特别指在坏的方面产生影响。
- The cold weather affected everybody's work.
寒冷的天气影响了每个人的工作。 - His work has affected his health; he isn't very well.
工作影响了他的健康;他的身体不是很好。
②affect还可表示引起烦恼、生气、爱等感情或疾病袭扰、感染。
- She was deeply affected by the news of his death.
他的死讯使她深受影响。 - Will the changes in taxation affect you personally?
税法的变动会影响到你个人吗? - In France alone, more than a million people are affected with some forms of mental ailment.
仅在法国,就有100万以上的人患有某种形式的精神病。
(2) ①effect用作名词,意为“效果,作用,影响”,常用于“have an effect on”短语中,意思是“使……发生变化;对……产生影响”。
- His meeting with Stravinsky had a great effect on his musical development.
他同史特拉芬斯基的会见对他的音乐发展产生了很大影响。
这里,have an effect on与affect同义。
- Our persuasion had no effect on him, he insisted on getting/going/having his own way.
我们的劝说对他没起作用,他坚持按自己的意愿行事/依然我行我素。
②effect还用于be in effect(有效,生效),come/go into effect(生效), take effect(生效),bring/carry/put into effect(使生效,实现) 等短语。
- The coach says that players must be in bed by midnight; and that rule is in effect tonight.
教练说,运动员必须在午夜前就寝,这一规定今晚生效。 - A new system of taxation will come/go/be put/be brought/be carried into effect next May.
新税制将于明年5月生效。
③effect作动词用,意为“产生,引起(bring about);实现,完成(accomplish)”。
- We are determined to effect our plan/purpose by any means available.
我们决心采取一切可能的方法实现我们的计划/目的。 - He assured them that he would not have the slightest difficulty in effecting a quick sale.
他向他们保证,在实现促销方面他不会有丝毫困难。
(3) ①influence意为“影响”,可指好的影响,也可指坏的影响,较affect语气强。
- One's health influences one's behavior.
一个人的健康影响一个人的行为。 - Don't let me influence your decision.
不要让我影响了你的决定。 - These principles powerfully influenced the course of the revolution.
这些原则有力地影响了革命的进程。
②influence有时接“宾语+不定式”复合结构,意为“促使,劝说”。
- Great importance is attached in that factory to influencing workers to produce more goods by praising them and bettering their working conditions.
那个工厂非常重视通过表扬和改善工作条件来促使工人生产更多产品。 - Her husband influenced her to accept the job.
她丈夫劝说她接受这项工作。