区别辨析 so (as)...can, so... as to, so as to/not to, in order to/not to, in order that, so that, so...that, such...that, such that, such as to 与 such...as to

(1) so (as)...can常用在口语中，表示目的，as常可省去，等于so that...may/can，常译作“为着,为了……；以便……”。

Speak louder so (as) everybody can hear you (=...so that everybody can hear you).
大声一点，以便大家都能听见。

(2) so...as to意为“到这种程度，以致……”，表示结果或程度。

(3) so as to/not to意为“以便/以便不……”，表示目的。

Go in quietly so as not to wake your mother.
进去时轻一点，以免吵醒你母亲。
He made an excuse to retire to another room, so as to leave us alone.
他找了个理由到另一个房间去了，以便使我们单独待在一起。
They had to stint themselves so as to avoid getting/so as not to get further into debt than was absolutely necessary.
他们不得不节衣缩食以免背上更多不必要的债务。

(4) in order to/not to意思是“以求/以求不，以便/以便不，为了/为了不”，表示目的，用于书面语和口语。

We'll have to save as much as possible in order to pay for the new house.
为了买新房子，我们不得不尽量节省。
They cut back their living expenses in order not to get/run into debt.
他们缩减生活开支，为的是不背上债务。

(5) ①in order that 等于so that，后跟从句，表示目的，前者可置于句子后部，也可放在句首；后者置于句子后部，多用于书面语。

I gave my daughter some money in order that/so that she might go to the park with her friends.
我给了女儿一些钱，为的是她能和她的朋友去游园。
In order that you may create such a picture, you have to possess some artistic weapons.
为了创作出这样一幅画，你必须具备一些艺术技巧。
I got up early so that/in order that I could have more time to pack. (so that后接从句，置于句子后部)
我起得很早,为的是能有更多的时间来收拾行装。
I wanted her to take this job so that she would be occupied.
我想让她接受这份工作为的是她能有事可干。

②在用过去时的句子中，从句中如为否定结构，其谓语多用should或might构成。

He wore a mask so that/in order that no one should recognize him.
他戴了一个面具，这样没人能认出他来。
He turned the radio down very low so that/in order that he should not disturb the old lady in the next room.
他把收音机的音量调得很低，为的是不打搅隔壁的老太太。
Let's try and arrange so that/in order that we may not miss the first train.
让我们设法安排一下，以使我们不会错过首班火车。

③so that 有时也分开，或省掉that。

We have so arranged matters that our holidays can be timed to fit in with yours.
我们这样安排，是为了使我们的假期能与你们的时间一致。
Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.
要仔细检查，不放过任何错误。

④so that也可表示引起结果的从句。

I have worked myself too hard recently, so that I feel somewhat unfit and have to rest.
我最近工作太努力，以致身体有点不适，需要休息一下。

(6) ①so...that引起表示程度或结果的状语从句，意思是“如此……以致(因而)；那样……结果”。

He was so tall that he could easily reach the ceiling with his hand.
他个头如此高以至于用手就能很轻易地够得着天花板。
The film was so moving that many people were affected to tears.
这部电影是如此感人以致许多人被感动得流下了眼泪。

②so有时可放在句首，这时句子要倒装。

So strong was the wind that he could hardly move a step forward.
风太大了，以至于他几乎向前迈不动步。
So absorbed was my father that I didn't dare to make a sound.
我的父亲是如此全神贯注以致我不敢弄出一点动静。

③有时that也可省去不用，尤其在口语中。

(7) such...that意为“如此……以致”，后接从句，表示程度或结果。

He shut the window with such force that the glass was broken.
他用如此大的劲关窗以致玻璃都碎了。
He is such an interesting man that everybody likes him.
他是一个如此有趣的人，每个人都喜欢他。

(8) such that意思是“是这样，以致……”，表示程度或结果，后接从句。有时可把such放在句首，表示强调，这时，句子须倒装。

His behaviour was such that nobody was willing to work with him on the same shift.
他的行为是这样差以致没人愿意和他上同一个班。
Such was the force of the explosion that many windows of the building were broken.(较用“The force of the explosion was such that...”语气更强。)
爆炸威力是如此之大，以致这幢建筑的许多窗玻璃都给震碎了。

(9) such as to后接不定式，表示程度或结果。

Their problems are such as to make it impossible for them to be reconciled with themselves.
他们的问题之大以致他们之间根本不可能和解。
His stupidity was such as to fill his parents with despair.
他是如此愚蠢以致他的父母充满了绝望。
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety.
他的病还不至于使人担心。

(10) such...as to意为“如此……以便，以致”，后接不定式，表示程度或目的。

So I went about my job in such a way as to try to kill two birds with one stone.
于是我就用这种方式来工作，以图做到一箭双雕。
You can't have done such a dreadful thing as to put off going for my sake?
你不会为了我的缘故而做出推迟动身这样一件糟糕的事情吧？

英文之旅