(1) ①swell可指“体积增大；使肿起，胀大”，用作及物动词和不及物动词。
- Her ankle swelled up after the fall.
她的脚踝在摔倒后肿了起来。 - The infection of the wounds/insect bite swelled his hand.
伤口的感染/昆虫的叮咬使他的手肿了起来。
②swell也可表示“使(数量等)增加，充实；使鼓起”。
- He took a job to swell his pockets/funds.
他接受了一份工作以使他的钱包鼓起来/以充实他的资金。 - The population of this region has swollen to over a million.
这个地区的人口迅速膨胀，已超出了一百万人。 - That he passed the examination of English with excellent results made hope swell in his breast.
他以优异的成绩通过了英语考试，这使他心中充满了希望。 - We took (on) four graduate students to swell the teaching staff.
我们接受了四位研究生以充实师资。 - The river is swelling ( is swollen by the heavy rain) after the heavy rain.
大雨之后河水上涨。
③swell还可用于情绪方面，意思是“(使)某种情绪高涨；(使)充满某种情绪”。
- Her heart swelled with pride.
她的心里充满了自豪感。 - Pride swelled her heart as she looked at her children.
当她看着她的孩子们时心中充满着自豪感。
(2) inflate本意指“充气使胀大、膨胀”，也可引申为“使得意，使骄傲”。
- May I use your bicycle pump to inflate/pump up the tyre?
我能借一下你的打气筒给车胎打上气吗？ - Your achievements shouldn't be something serving to inflate your arrogance.
你的成绩不应成为使你妄自尊大的资本。 - She was inflated with pride as she looked at her children.
在她看着她的孩子们时心中充满了自豪感。
(3) blow up表示“充气使胀起来，打气”，较inflate通俗。
- Can you blow up the balloons for the children?
你能为孩子们吹起这些气球吗？ - Wait a minute — I need to blow the bicycle tyres up .
等一下——我需要给车胎打气。
(4) ①expand意为“膨胀，胀大，扩大”，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。可指体积、面积，也可指组织、事业、影响等的扩大。
- Iron expands when heated.
铁被加热时会膨胀。 - To breathe deeply and expand one's chest in the morning will be good for one's health.
在早晨深呼吸，使胸部扩张将有益于一个人的健康。 - That used-to-be narrow path has been expanded into a wide road.
这条曾经非常狭窄的小径已被扩建成一条宽阔的大路。 - The short story was expanded into a long novel of two volumes.
这则简短的故事被扩写成一部长达两卷的长篇小说。 - The Yellow River expands gradually after it flows out of the Longyang gorge.
流出龙羊峡之后，黄河逐渐地开阔起来。 - Deng Xiao-ping's visit to the U.S.A greatly expanded China's influence and prestige.
邓小平对美国的访问大大地扩大了中国的影响和声望。
②expand还作“展开，开放”解。
- The petals of the Chinese rose have expanded .
月季花绽开了。 - The hen expanded its wings to protect its young.
这只母鸡张开翅膀来保护她的幼雏。
③expand on表示“细说，详谈”。
- Jane wanted her mother to expand on what she had said about the haunted house.
简想让她母亲详细谈一下她所说的这幢闹鬼的房子。
(5) ①enlarge表示“(使)增大，放大，变宽”，有时也用于引申意义，用作及物动词和不及物动词。
- This photograph probably won't enlarge well.
这张照片放大可能会效果不好。 - We're thinking of enlarging the hotel to accommodate more guests.
我们正在考虑扩建旅馆以容纳更多的客人。 - The successful investment enlarged his personal fortune.
这项成功的投资扩大了他的个人资产。 - Travel enlarges the field of one's vision.
旅游可以开阔一个人的视野。
②enlarge on/upon与expand on短语一样，也可表示“详谈，进一步论述”。
- Now I merely mention the point in passing; I'll enlarge on it later when I have time.
在此我只是顺便提一下这一点。以后有时间时我再进一步解释。
(6) ①magnify意为“放大”，使某物显得比实际上大。
- Cells of the body must be magnified several times before they can be seen.
人体细胞必须放大几倍才能被看到。 - This microscope magnifies by 1,000 times the sample on the slides.
这台显微镜将玻璃片上的标本放大了1 000倍。
②magnify可用于比喻，作“夸大”解。
- He is an official of low rank, though he magnifies his own importance.
虽然他总是夸大自己的重要性，但他只是一个低级别的官员。 - He seems to be magnifying his difficulties.
他似乎在夸大他的困难。
(7) ①amplify意为“(使用电器)扩大、加大、加强(声音)”，也可用于引申意义。
- The function of the vacuum tubes in a radio-set is to amplify the variations in the current.
收音机里的真空管的作用是扩大电流的变化。 - We amplify sound with the use of an amplifier, making it fuller and more extensive.
我们通过使用扬声器来放大声音，使之更为洪亮，传得更远。
②amplify也有“详述、细加说明或解释”的意思。
- The teacher amplified (on) his remarks with drawings and figures/by giving us some examples.
老师通过图画和数据/举例详细解释他所说的话。
(8) exaggerate意为“夸大”，用作及物动词和不及物动词。
- People tend to exaggerate their own importance.
人们往往夸大他们自身的重要性。 - That may be exaggerated , but there's surely a great deal of truth in it.
那也许有些夸张，但其中肯定也有不少真实的成分。 - It was a rabbit, not a lion; you are exaggerating as usual.
那是一只兔子，不是一头狮子；你又像往常一样在夸大事实。
