Leo Tolstoy
秘密逃亡的天才文学家——列夫·托尔斯泰

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) was a Russian writer, philosopher and political thinker who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Tolstoy was a master of realistic fiction and is widely considered one of the greatest novelists of all time. He is best known for two long novels, War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877). His fiction output also includes two additional novels, dozens of short stories, and several famous novellas, including The Death of Ivan Ilyich , Family Happiness , and Hadji Murad . Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays.
列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰 (1828—1910)，俄罗斯作家、哲学家和政治思想家，毕生致力于创作长篇和短篇小说。托尔斯泰是现实主义大师，被公认为历史上最伟大的小说家之一。《战争与和平》(1869)和《安娜·卡列尼娜》(1877)是他最著名的两部长篇小说。除此之外，他的文学成就还包括两部长篇小说、几十部短篇小说和若干中篇小说，如《伊凡·伊里奇之死》《家庭幸福》和《哈泽·穆拉特》。晚年的托尔斯泰也创作过戏剧和散文。

Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic 注 views. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You , were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and James Bevel.
人们熟悉的托尔斯泰，擅长塑造性格复杂、矛盾多变的人物，但同样为人所知的是他极端的道德观和禁欲主义。诸如《天国在你们心中》等作品传达非暴力抵抗思想，对20世纪的领军人物如莫罕达斯·甘地、马丁·路德·金和詹姆斯·贝维尔都产生了深刻的影响。

Tolstoy died in 1910, at the age of 82. The police tried to limit access to his funeral procession, but thousands of peasants lined the streets. Still, some were heard to say that, other than knowing that “some nobleman had died,” they knew little else about Tolstoy.
托尔斯泰死于1910年，享年82岁。尽管有警察维持葬礼游行的秩序，还是有成千上万的农民涌上街头。据说到场悼念的人群中，有的除了知道“某位尊贵的人死了”，其他几乎一无所知。