Oliver Twist
雾都孤儿

Oliver Twist, subtitled The Parish Boy's Progress , is the second novel by English author Charles Dickens, published in 1838. Oliver Twist is notable for Dickens's unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives. The book exposes the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London during the Dickensian era.
《雾都孤儿》，副标题为《教区男孩的成长》，是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯生平创作的第二部小说，发表于1838年。《雾都孤儿》出色彰显了狄更斯笔下写实的犯罪人物和他们肮脏阴暗的生活，也揭露了狄更斯时代伦敦的那些孤儿们被残忍蹂躏的状况。

Being an early example of the social novel, the book calls the public's attention to various contemporary evils, including child labor, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. Dickens mocks the hypocrisies of his time by surrounding the novel's serious themes with sarcasm and dark humor. It is likely that Dickens's own early youth as a child laborer contributed to the story's development.
小说为社会小说提供了早期范本，呼吁公众关注各类时弊罪恶，比如童工、招纳儿童犯罪和街头儿童现象。狄更斯用反讽和黑色幽默的手法揭示小说严肃的主题，讽刺那个时代的虚伪。狄更斯早年作为童工的经历也可能促成了故事的情节发展。

In Oliver Twist, Dickens mixes grim realism with merciless satire to describe the effects of industrialism on 19th-century England and to criticize the harsh new Poor Laws. Oliver, an innocent child, is trapped in a world where his only options seem to be the workhouse, Fagin's gang, a prison, or an early grave. In the midst of corruption and degradation, the essentially passive Oliver remains pure-hearted; he steers away from evil when those around him give in to it, and in proper fairy-tale fashion, he eventually receives his reward — leaving for a peaceful life in the country, surrounded by kind friends. On the way to this happy ending, Dickens explores the kind of life an outcast, orphan boy could expect to lead in 1830s London.
狄更斯在《雾都孤儿》中用残酷的现实笔触和无情的暗讽手法，描绘了工业化带给19世纪伦敦的影响，也抨击了当时新颁布的《济贫法》严苛无情的性质。奥利弗是个天真无邪的孩子，这个世界给他的唯一选择似乎就是济贫院、费金的贼窝还有早早步入坟墓的结局。尽管身处堕落腐败的社会环境里，被动无依的奥利弗自始至终保持纯真之心，当其他同伴都放弃反抗屈服于邪恶时，他选择逃离，也最终以童话般的方式得到回报，即远离是非，与善良的朋友为邻，过上宁静的乡村生活。在这个欢喜结局到来之前，狄更斯则描绘了一个无依无靠的孤儿在19世纪30年代伦敦的生存图景。