Raphael Sanzio
西方“画圣”——拉斐尔·桑西

Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520) was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
拉斐尔·桑西(1483－1520)，文艺复兴鼎盛时期意大利画家和建筑师。他的作品轮廓清晰、场景祥和，在视觉上展现了新柏拉图主义理念下人类的高贵，受到世人的敬仰。拉斐尔与米开朗琪罗和列奥纳多·达·芬奇一样，成为那个时期传统的三位一体大师。

Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at thirty-seven, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking. After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504-1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates.
拉斐尔创作丰富，开办了一家规模极大的作坊，虽然37岁英年早逝，但留下了非常丰富的作品。他的很多作品陈列在梵蒂冈宫殿，其中有他一生最核心和最大的壁画作品“拉斐尔画室”。拉斐尔最有名的作品是《雅典学院》，为梵蒂冈教宗居室而创作。虽然罗马以外的人们仅了解他与别人合作的版画，但拉斐尔一生都非常具有影响力。拉斐尔死后，其有力的竞争对手米开朗琪罗影响力更深远，一直延续到18世纪和19世纪，那时人们才再次将拉斐尔更安详、和谐的品质视作最高的典范。希奥尔西奥·瓦萨里首次提出，拉斐尔的创作生涯可以自然地分为三个阶段和三种风格：早期在翁布里亚的生涯，接下来大约四年时间(1504—1508年)吸收佛罗伦萨艺术传统，之后在罗马的十二年，狂热的创作期并且硕果累累，为两位教皇和他们亲近的同僚效力。