Baroque
巴洛克音乐

The term “Baroque” is also used to designate the style of music composed during a period that overlaps with that of Baroque art, but usually encompasses a slightly later period. It is a still-debated question as to what extent Baroque music shares aesthetic principles with the visual and literary arts of the Baroque period. A fairly clear, shared element is a love of ornamentation, and it is perhaps significant that the role of ornament was greatly diminished in both music and architecture as the Baroque gave way to the Classical period.
“巴洛克”一词也可指一种音乐类型，其创作时期与巴洛克艺术有所重叠，但一般略晚些。巴洛克音乐在多大程度上反映了巴洛克时期视觉和文学艺术的美学原则，是一个仍然有争议的问题。巴洛克艺术显著的共同因素是对装饰物的热爱。随着巴洛克艺术逐渐被古典艺术取代，装饰在音乐和建筑中的比例明显减少，这或许有一定的深意。

The application of the term “Baroque” to music is a relatively recent development, although it has recently been pointed out that the first use of the word “baroque” in criticism of any of the arts related to music, in an anonymous, satirical review of the premiere in October 1733 of Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie , printed in the Mercure de France in May 1734. However it was not until 1940 that it was first used in English (in an article published by Manfred Bukofzer).
“巴洛克”一词用于音乐源自近代，虽然近来有人指出这个词最早出现在1734年5月的《文雅信使》上，它刊登了一篇讽刺意味十足的匿名评论，针对的是1733年10月拉莫的作品《希波利德和阿利茜》的首演。当时这个词被用来批评任何与音乐有关的艺术形式。然而，直到1940年，该词才首次出现在英语中(在曼弗雷德·布科夫泽发表的一篇文章中)。

Many musical forms were born in that era, like the concerto and sinfonia. Forms such as the sonata, cantata and oratorio flourished. Also, opera was born out of the experimentation of the Florentine Camerata, the creators of monody, who attempted to recreate the theatrical arts of the Ancient Greeks. An important technique used in baroque music was the use of ground bass, a repeated bass line. Dido's Lament by Henry Purcell is a famous example of this technique.
那个时期产生了很多种音乐形式，像协奏曲和交响曲。诸如奏鸣曲、康塔塔和清唱剧等音乐形式蓬勃发展。此外，挽歌的创作者佛罗伦萨乐团通过实验创作出了歌剧，他们试着还原古希腊的戏剧艺术。巴洛克音乐的一个重要技巧就是采用了基础低音，即低音线的重复。亨利·珀塞尔的《狄朵的哀叹》就是采用这一技巧的知名曲子。