Viking, Danish Invasions and the Norman Conquest
北欧海盗、丹麦人的入侵和诺曼底征服

By the late 9th century the Vikings and the Danes had overrun most of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that constituted England at the time. However, Alfred the Great, king of Wessex defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington in 878 and the Danes in 879. He reached an agreement with Danes and gave them control of northern and eastern England with Alfred and his successors controlling Wessex. Alfred ordered the construction of a small fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”. He also established schools and issued a law code. He is accorded the epithet “the Great”.
到9世纪后期，海盗已经占领了大部分安格鲁撒克逊国家，这些国家构成了当时的英格兰。然而，阿尔弗雷德大帝——威塞克斯王国的国王于878年在埃丁顿战役中击败海盗，于879年击败丹麦人。阿尔弗雷德和丹麦人达成协议，由丹麦人控制英格兰北部和西部，阿尔弗雷德及其继承者统治威塞克斯。阿尔弗雷德下令组建舰队，被尊称为“英国海军之父”。他同时兴建学校、颁布法典，被冠以“大帝”之称。

The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later William the Conqueror. Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor had promised the English throne to William. When Edward died in January 1066, he was succeeded by Harold Godwinson. So William led his army to invade England. Harold's army confronted William's invaders on 14 October in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings; William's force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement. William was crowned kind of England. The new Norman administrators took over the forms of Anglo-Saxon government. The feudal system was completely established in England.
诺曼底登陆是指11世纪由诺曼底公爵威廉二世领头，由诺曼、布列塔尼和法国士兵组成的队伍占领英国的一次侵略，诺曼底公爵威廉也就是后来的威廉大帝。安格鲁撒克逊国王爱德华曾答应把英格兰王位传给威廉。但当爱德华在1066年1月驾崩时，哈罗德·葛温森继承了王位，因此威廉带兵侵占英格兰。哈罗德的队伍与威廉的侵略军于1066年10月14日在黑斯廷对阵。威廉的部队战胜了哈罗德，哈罗德在交锋中战死。威廉成为英格兰国王，新的诺曼政府替代了安格鲁撒克逊政府。封建制度在英国完全建立起来。