Mount Rushmore
拉什莫尔山

The Mount Rushmore National Memorial was sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum, covering 1,278. 45 acres. It is located in South Dakota, the United States, featuring 60-foot sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents to represent the first one hundred and thirty years of American history. The four presidents are George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. These presidents were selected by Borglum because of their role in preserving the Republic and expanding its territory.
拉什莫尔山国家纪念馆由美籍丹麦人格曾·博格勒姆及其儿子林肯·博格勒姆雕刻而成，占地1278. 45英亩。该纪念馆坐落于美国南达科他州，主要由4尊高达60英尺的美国总统头像雕塑构成，用来展现美国130年的历史。四名总统分别是乔治·华盛顿、托马斯·杰弗逊、西奥多·罗斯福和亚伯拉罕·林肯。博格勒姆选择这四位总统是因为他们在守卫国家或扩大国家疆土中发挥了重要作用。

Originally known to the Lakota Sioux as Six Grandfathers, the mountain was renamed after Charles E. Rushmore, a prominent New York lawyer, during an expedition in 1885. At first, the project of carving Rushmore was undertaken to increase tourism in the Black Hills region of South Dakota. After long negotiations involving a Congressional delegation and President Calvin Coolidge, the project received Congressional approval. The carving started in 1927. Borglum died on March, 1941. His son, Lincoln Borglum, continued the project. Originally, it was planned that the figures would be carved from head to waist, but insufficient funding forced the carving to end. The construction ended with three sculptures of the heads and only one bust of Washington.
拉什莫尔山在拉科他苏族印第安人中原本叫“六位先辈”，一位著名的纽约律师查尔斯·E. 拉什莫尔于1885年来这里探险，这座山便根据他的名字而命名。最初雕刻拉什莫尔山的目的是促进南达科他州布拉克山区的旅游业发展。经国会代表团与总统卡尔文·柯立芝的漫长协商后，项目被国会批准。雕刻于1927年启动。博格勒姆于1941年3月去世，他的儿子林肯·博格勒姆继续完成该工程。原本计划雕像为从头部到腰部的半身像，但因为资金不足终止了该计划。项目最终以三位总统的头像和华盛顿的半身像结束。