有关名词单、复数的用法问题

有一读者问道: 名词的单、复数是个令人捉摸不定的问题,如下列词句中的名词为何用复数而不用单数:

(1)Admissions Department

(2)suggestions box

(3)an awards ceremony

(4)They will never be intimidated by war threats.

(5)He has no objections to the plan.

(6)This event was an important part of the celebrations.

英语名词的数,对中国学生来说,的确是一个难点。现将这一问题分三点试答如下:

1.关于复数名词用作定语问题,语法上并无一定规则可循,往往需要个别牢记。总的说来,用单数名词作定语的情况仍较普遍,但在当代英语中,似乎有逐渐采用复数名词作定语的趋势。用复数名词作定语有时是必需的,如:

(7)an alms-house

(8)a goods train

(9)arms race

(10)a savings-bank

有时则为了具体明确,避免歧义,如上述例(1)、(2)、(3)。

此外,正式英语似乎常用复数名词作定语,如:

(11)the Contagious Diseases Act

(12)the Diplomatic Services Bureau

(13)the Highways Committee

(14)the Samples Depot (但必须说a sample room)

用作定语的复数名词也常见于结构松散的复合词中, 如:

(15)the cigars bill

(16)the equal terms policy

(17)the grasslands deal

(18)some critical materials shortage

应该指出,有些复合词用单形或复形皆可,如:

(19)student(s)group

英、美习惯有时也不一样,如:

(20)a brains trust (多用于英国)

(21)a brain trust (多用于美国)

2.上述例(4)、(5)中的war threats与objections皆系泛指,有复念,但不强调其可数性(故不可译作“许多”或“一些”)。这种表泛指的复数名词为数甚多,这里仅举一二例如下:

(22)He likes reading books. (books泛指“书”)

(23)Horses are useful animals. (horses与animals泛指“马”和“动物”)

3.上述例(6)中的the celebrations专指一些多种多样的具体活动,有复念,也不强调可数性。复数名词的这种用法也很普遍,再如:

(24)I enjoyed my travels in Europe.