名词属格用作定语时的单、复形

有人问: 在students' book, students' domitory中的属格均用复数形式,但teacher's book, teachers' reading-room中的属格却分别用单数形式与复数形式,请问有无一定标准?

一般说来,用作定语的名词属格如指复数概念,不论其中心词(即其所修饰的名词)是单形或复形,均应用复数形式,如:

(1)a children's doll

(2)children's dolls

(3)the students' book (但也常用the student book)

(4)the students' domitories

但有些情况比较特殊, 尤其当用teacher的属格时。如下面两种说法都对:

(5)the teacher's book

(6)the teachers' book

但二者稍有不同。上述例(5)中的teacher表示教师这一类人,故整个说法的意思为“教师用书”;例(6)中的teachers则较为具体,意指具体教师们,故整个说法的含义为“供教师们使用的书”。据此,the teachers' reading-room则应用复形teachers为好。关于用作定语的名词属格既可用单形亦可用复形而意义不变的情况还有如:

(7)teacher's college

(8)teachers' college

(9)printer's errors

(10)printers' errors

有的则由于二者发音相同,故而同义,如:

(11)a lover's quarrel

(12)a lovers' quarrel

(13)a wasp's nest

(14)a wasps' nest