scores of 与 score 有什么不同?

有一读者问:短语 scores of与单词 score 有什么区别?

单形集体名词兼数词 score 只用于较为古旧的文体,在当代英语中已不多见,它和 dozen 很相似,很可能也本纯属名词,后接 of, 后来在很多情况下省去了of,才变作数词。现先将 score 作为名词的用法举例如下:

(1)There were a score of people there.

(2)two (three, four, etc.)score of eggs

score 用作数词的情况较多,如:

(3)There are three score men.

(4)I am a man of three score years.

(5)According to the Bible, we can expect to live three score years and ten.

(6)My servant has seen them together a score times.

(7)A score or more were present at the party.

注意数词 score 之后亦可接 of, 如:

(8)a score of times

(9)two score of them (意谓“他们之中的20人”。这种表“部分”的of之后只可接 these, those, them, us 等代词)

现在让我们再看看 scores。它是单形集体名词 score 的复数形式,不可用作数词,故亦不可与数词连用。它常与 of 构成习语 scores of (意谓“好几十”或“许多”),在英语里较为常见,如:

(10)There were scores of people there, maybe eighty or more.

(11)I have been there scores of times.

(12)She received scores of letters about her radio programme.

但有时 scores 可以独立使用,其后的 of 短语可以省去,如:

(13)Scores died in that epidemic. (scores 在此=scores of people)

最后请注意下面几组中(a)与 (b)的区别:

(14)a score times (a)

a score of times (b)

(a)与 (b)同义,但 (b)较为普通。

(15)two (three, four, etc.)score eggs (a)

two (three, four, etc.)score of eggs (b)

(a)与 (b)同义,但(a)远较(b)普通, 有人说(b)有古义。

(16)a score of people (a)

a score of these people (b)

二者意义不同。(a)的意思是“20人”,(b)的意思则是“这些人中的20人”。