有一读者问:
(1)It will be long before he will come back.
在这一句中,before引导的从句为什么用将来一般时will come back而不用现在一般时?
具体到上面所问到的这一句中的从句,我们觉得用将来一般时或现在一般时都可以。有些语法家则认为应用现在一般时,不应再用将来一般时,因为在主句中已有表示将来的将来一般时了。但事实上,在当代英语中,表示将来的before从句用将来一般时的现象是屡见不鲜的。因此,问题已不在于before从句应用现在一般时或将来一般时,而是在于它们之间是否有所区别或有些什么区别了。
我们觉得,如细加揣摩,在表将来的before从句中,上述两种时态是有不同的含义的。总的说来,现在一般时仅表一项单纯的事实,没有任何言外之意。而将来一般时则不仅仅表一项单纯的事实,而却有言外之意。至于具体含有什么言外之意,则须由具体情况而定。不过,似乎有一点是共同的,即所有言外之意都表示说话人的一种主观态度或主观判断。如问题中所举的例句中之所以用将来一般时,即表示它并不单纯表示一个客观事实,而是说话人主观上认为“他”过很久才能回来,强调其时间之长,并往往含有感情色彩。再如:
(2)Some predict it won't be many years before this country will have more foreign currency than Japan, Germany and the United States put together. (before从句用will have,强调所需时间之短)
(3)We are considering how many of Chiang's troops we can annihilate in their sorties, how long before his casualties will force his withdrawal, and how to diminish armies still further in their retreat. (说话人在此只强调时间之长度)
(4)It will be weeks before his disappearance will attract attention. (有一位语法家说从句在此强调否定结果,等于“His disappearance will not attract attention for weeks.”)
(5)You must go to the top before you will find any coal. (说话人强调“你”到顶上才能捡到煤,言其距离与艰难)
(6)He will die of hunger before he will steal . (这里须用will steal以强调与主句中will die的对比,这种句型可译作“他宁愿……而不愿……”)
(7)You must fill out the application form and be interviewed before you will be considered for the job. (before在此近乎and then,故其后常用将来一般时)
有时主句表示经常情况,但其before从句亦可用将来一般时,如:
(8)Tens of thousands of patients have to be exposed to the drug before one case of anemia will develop from it. (before在此亦近乎and then)
will表示意愿以及表过去将来的从句同样可用过去将来一般时的情况,这里就不举例赘述了。
