这里应用不定式完成式

有一读者问如何做这道题:

(1)Charles Babbage is generally considered_________the first computer.

A. to have invented B. inventing

C. to invent D. having invented

应选A,即to have invented。“主语+动词的被动式(即be+过去分词)+to do”在英语里是一种颇为有用的句型,如:

(2)He is generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the county.

据美国一位语言学者说,“主语+动词的被动式+to have done”结构则尤为普通。这一道题就是一例。

除动词consider(认为)的被动式外,say, believe等的被动式也常用于这种句型,如:

(3)He is said to have broken the window.

(4)John is believed to have gone.

那么,其他三种选择错在哪里呢?

选B (inventing)的同学可能认为主动式consider(考虑)后常可接动名词,如:

(5)I consider leaving early.

(6)We are considering going.

因而误以为is considered(被认为)之后也可接动名词。这里之所以不可用inventing,其理由就是上述句型不允许。从语法来讲,这里倒可用to be inventing,意谓“正在发明”,但与这道题的含义不合,故也不能用。

C (to invent)也不能用,因为它没有此题所需的动作完成的含义,正如不可将上述例(3)中的to have broken改为break一样。

D (having invented)虽有动作已完成的含义,但其前应有as才较为妥当。