有一读者问: 有这样一道选择题:
(1)The governor hid himself somewhere, because he was afraid _____.
A. to be punished B. to punish
C. of punishing D. of being punished
be afraid of doing与be afraid to do之间有什么区别呢?
有一位语法大师说,与其说这里的动名词与不定式之间存在着区别,不如说这里的介词of与介词to(这位大师认为to在此仍有介词的功用)之间存在着区别。of本义是by (afraid本是一过去分词),有“被”的含义。因而afraid of doing sth.的意思是“由于……而感到害怕或担心”,强调害怕或担心会发生的事。上述句(1)如选用of being punished, because从句即意为“因为他担心会受到处罚”。to的本义是in the direction of,表方向,可译作“去”。因而afraid to do sth的意思是“害怕或不敢去……”,强调害怕后果,故而不敢。上述句(1)如选用to be punished, because从句即意为“因为他害怕或不敢接受处分”。从上下文看,这个选项似乎较合乎题意。
试再比较:
(2)He is afraid of dying .
他担心要死。(病不会好了)
(3)He is afraid to die .
他害怕死。(不敢去死,怕死的后果)
(4)she is afraid of waking her husband up.
她惟恐把她的丈夫弄醒。(她不想或避免弄醒他)
(5)She is afraid to wake her husband up.
她不敢弄醒她的丈夫。(怕弄醒他后的结果)
顺便提一下,“形容词+介词+动名词”结构与“形容词+不定式”结构的含义往往有所不同,如:
(6)I'm sorry to interrupt .对不起,我要打断你一下。
(7)I'm sorry for interrupting .对不起,打扰你了。
但有时二者似乎并没有什么区别,如:
(8)She is fortunate to have such a kind husband.
(9)She is fortunate in having such a kind husband.
