应如何理解这里的when?

有一读者问:

(1)I remember when this used to be a quiet village.

如何理解这个句子中的 when?

这里的 when = the time when,是一种缩合连接副词(或唤作“复合连接副词”), 常用以引导名词性从句。这种从句可用作主语,如:

(2)When she arrived was Thursday.

亦可用作表语,如:

(3)May is when she takes her last examination.

用作宾语的情况更多,提问者的引文中 when this used to be a quiet village 即用作宾语,再如:

(4)He remembers when things weren't so comfortable for intellectuals in China.

(5)You don't know when you are lucky.

(6)We found a few maids waiting in the hall for when they should be wanted.

请注意由于 when 既可用作缩合连接副词,亦可用作疑问副词,因而有时有歧义,如:

(7)Do you remember when we got lost?

这个句子孤立地看可以意谓“你记得我们迷路时的情景吗?”(when 用作综合连接副词),也可以意谓“你记得我们什么时候迷路的吗?” (when 用作疑问副词),只有在特定上下文中,这个句子才不会有歧义。

除 when 外,缩合连接副词还有 where, why 等,如:

(8)That's where they live. (where = the place where)

(9)That's why he didn't come to school. (why = the reason why)

此外还有 whenever (= at any time when), wherever (= at any place where), however (= no matter how)等,这里就恕不举例说明了。