有一读者问:我看到有的文章写道:“not...any longer≠not ...any more”。但有的文章又写道:“not ...any longer = not ...any more = no longer= no more”。 这是为什么?
在很多情况下,上述4种说法是同一个意思(皆意谓“不再”),而且可以互换使用,如可任用下面4例中的一例:
(1)I see him no more .
(2)I see him no longer .
(3)I do not see him any more .
(4)I do not see him any longer .
但这并不意味着它们之间完全一样,毫无区别。实际上它们还是有区别的。
比如说,例 (1)、(2)中的 no more 与 no longer 就比较正式,而例 (3)(4)中的 not any more 与not any longer 则比较口语化。此外, no more 与 not any more 较常用以表将来,如:
(5)I will go there no more . (表将来不再)
(6)I won't go there any more .
当然也可表过去的将来,如:
(7)Since then I could write no more .
no longer 与 not any longer 则较常用以表现在或过去,如:
(8)I go there no longer . (表现在不再)
(9)I do not go there any longer .
亦常用以表过去,如:
(10)The shore was no longer in sight.
但请注意并非在任何情况下,上述4种说法都可互换使用。比如在下面的句型中则只能用 no more ...than 或 not any more...than (用以否定两者),不可用 no longer 和 not any longer 代替 no more 和 not any more:
(11)A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸之非鱼正如马之非鱼。(即鲸与马皆非鱼)
(12)You can't help being what you are any more than I can help being what I am.
你之无法不是你本人正如我之无法不是我本人一样。(即你我皆无法不是本人)
再如下面一例中的 no more(= dead )当然也不可代之以not any more, no longer, not any longer.
(13)He is no more .
下面对话中也只能用 no more (= neither):
(14)— He doesn't smoke.
— No more do I.
上述句中的 more 皆用作副词。当它用作名词时, no more 与 not any more 自然更不可与 no longer 或 not any longer 互换,如:
(15)I want no more .
(16)I don't want any more .
