这两对例句中的附加疑问句的区别

有一读者问:如何解释下列两对例句中反意疑问句的区别:

(1)So she thinks she's going to become a doctor, does she?

(2)You think you're funny, do you?

(3)I suppose you're not serious, are you?

(4)I don't suppose he's serious, is he?

首先应该指出,上述例(1)、(2)中的 does she? 与 do you? 并不是反意疑问句,而是非反意疑问句。因为它们与陈述句的有关意义并不相反。例(3)、(4)中的 are you? 与 is he? 才是反意疑问句,因为它们与陈述句的有关意义是相反的。反意疑问句与非反意疑问句统称为附加疑问句。

上述两对例句中的附加疑问句所针对的陈述句部分显然不同。第一对例句中的附加疑问句是针对陈述句的主句部分提问的,而第二对例句中的附加疑问句则是针对陈述句的从句部分提问的。

那么如何解释这种不同的针对性呢?这是由于说话人的主观意向所决定的。如果说话人的主观意向在于陈述句的主句部分,其附加疑问句的主语及谓语则应与陈述句主句部分的主、谓语一致,如上述例(1)、(2)。反之,如果说话人的主观意向在于陈述句的从句部分,其附加疑问句的主语及谓语则应与陈述句从句部分的主、谓语一致,如上述例(3)、(4)。但须注意,在主从复合句中,主语是I,其主要动词(即全句的谓语动词)如果是 suppose, think, believe, guess, assume, figure, fancy, expect 等,附加疑问句的主、谓语习惯上常与从句部分的主、谓语一致,尤其在用上述动词的否定式时更是如此。除上述例(4)外,再如:

(5)I don't think it is right, is it? (注意 I don't think it is right=I think it is not right)

(6)I don't believe you two have met before, have you?

(I don't believe you two have met before=I believe you two have not met before)