这里为什么不用 needn't?

有一读者问: 书上讲对 must 的否定应该用 needn't,但为什么下一句中用 mustn't:

(1)I must return it this week, mustn't I?

这是两个不同的问题,应分开来谈。当 must表“有必要”时,其否定结构应用 needn't,如:

(2)—Must I go?

—No, you needn't .

(3)The teacher must show concern for the pupils, needn't he?

但如 must 表“必须”时,其否定结构则须用 mustn't,如上述例(1),再如:

(4)We must go now, mustn't we?

(5)The children must wait outside, mustn't they?

又,must表推测意谓“一定”时,其否定结构一般也不用 mustn't,而须用助动词(即通常用的 do, be 或 have)的否定式,如:

(6)You must have seen him yesterday, didn't you?

(7)You must be a writer, aren't you?

(8)You must have lived here a long time, haven't you?