有一读者问:附加疑问句有时所用的句子结构是一样的。如下面一句:
(1)You've got the ticket, have you?
其中附加疑问句和其前的陈述句都是肯定结构,请问这是怎么回事?
附加疑问句常皆附在陈述句之后,二者的句子结构形式往往是相反的:陈述句如是肯定结构,附加疑问句即为否定结构,如:
(2)You've got the ticket, haven't you ?
陈述句如是否定结构,附加疑问句即为肯定结构,如:
(3)You haven't got the ticket, have you ?
这两种情况中的附加疑问句一般都是为了向对方提出疑问而使用的。但还有另外两种情况,即两种句子形式不是相反的,而是相同的。换言之,陈述句如是肯定结构,附加疑问句也是肯定结构,问中所举的句子即是一例。陈述句如是否定结构,附加疑问句也是否定结构,如:
(4)So he won't pay his bills, won't he ? We'll see about that.(won't he 在此表示严厉、威胁)
上述第四种情况(即陈述句与附加疑问句皆为否定结构)是较为少见的。但第三种情况并不罕见。这种情况大致有三种用途:
1. 附加疑问句用升调,目的是想证实陈述句,如上述例(1)。这种附加疑问句还往往有想要对方就此多谈谈的含义,如:
(5)— So she's getting married, is she ?
— Yes, she's got engaged to a doctor. The wedding's in June ...
2. 附加疑问句如用降调,则往往表示难过或遗憾,如:
(6)You sold that lovely bracelet, did you ? (附加疑问句表示遗憾)
(7)He's an invalid, is he ? (附加疑问句表示难过或同情)
3. 陈述句用降调而附加疑问句用升调时,则可表怀疑、反感、讥讽甚至威胁等不甚友好的情绪,如:
(8)I'll get my money back, will I ? (附加疑问句表示怀疑、不相信)
(9)We are mule drivers, are we ? (附加疑问句表示反感、不赞成)
这种句子中的陈述句部分常以 so 和 oh 开头,如:
(10)So you thought you'd fooled me, did you ? (附加疑问句表示严厉、威胁)
(11)So that's your little game, is it ? (附加疑问句表示讥讽)
(12)Oh, you've another accident, have you ? (附加疑问句表示责备)
还有一对话中的附加疑问句部分与陈述句部分二者的形式也可以是相同的,如:
(13)— They're moving to New York.
— Are they ? (用升调,表惊讶)
(14)— I've got the sack!
— You have, have you ? (用升调,表愤怒)
