有一读者问: 有个主谓一致的问题,先请看下列句子:
(1)Here are two major historic sights in Beijing—one a repository of the Buddhism and the other dedicated to the traditions of secular Confucian studies and the history of the city of Beijing.
(2)On display are relics of the ancient site of the city including items of daily living, ancient money, weapons, statues, art, calligraphy, clothing, maps, photographs and many other important items for the study and appreciation of the history of the city of Beijing.
(3)Here comes the bus.
像这样句子的主谓关系由哪部分决定? 有规律吗?
上述句子都是倒装结构,所以你所提的问题实际上是一个倒装结构中主谓一致的问题。一般说来,像你所列举的倒装句,其谓语动词皆应与其后的主语一致。但有时主谓在形式上并不一致。实例如:
(4)On the mother's side comes teachers, also one actor. (主语为复形名词teachers,谓语动词为单数comes)
(5)Just then in the distance was heard the horns and the hum of at least two motorcycles speeding swiftly in the direction of this very spot. (主语为the horns and the hum of...,谓语动词为was heard)
为什么会出现这种主谓不一致的现象呢? 其主要原因是说话人常未顾及主语的数而先道出了单形谓语动词。这和there is之后有时后接复形名词的情况非常相似。上述句(4)用comes是正常情况。上述句(5)之所以用单形谓语动词was heard,则是由于the horns and the hum在意念上表示抽象声音的缘故。
