如何理解与分析A is to B what C is to D?

有一读者问:在读 Reader's Digest 时遇到这样一句话:

(1)Belgium is to pigeons what France is to champagne.

如何解释这里的 what?

A is to B what C is to D 是英语里一个固定句型,其义是A之与B犹如C之与D。这种句型颇为有用,又如:

(2)The pepole is to the people's army what water is to fish.

(3)Two is to three what four is to six.

(4)Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.

关于如何分析这里的 what ,语法家们的看法并不一致。有的人认为它是连接代词;有的人将它唤作“独立的关系代词”(因为它没有先行词);有的人则将它看作连词,因为它可以代之以 as ,如 A is to B what C is to D 即可以说等于 A is to B as C is to D。那么, what 引导的从句又是起什么作用呢?依照上述不同意见 ,what 如是代词,它所引导的从句就是表语(有的权威词典就是这样分析的);what 如是连词(相当于 as),它所引导的从句自然就是比较状语了。