本文经授权转载自微信公众号：田间小站
TOEFL SAT TEM8
外刊例句
- All of which suggests that a route to the future imagined by the neurotech pioneers is arduous but achievable.
所有这些都表明，要抵达神经技术先锋们设想的未来，道路虽艰辛，但仍可实现。
——《经济学人》 - French schools follow a national curriculum that includes arduous surveys of French philosophy and literature.
法国学校按照全国统一课程开课，需要学生苦苦研读法国哲学和文学。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[adjective] involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring
[形容词] 涉及或需要艰苦努力的；困难累人的
深入解读
Arduous 一词源自拉丁语 arduus （高的、陡峭的，喻指“困难的、难以达到的”），16世纪30年代进入英语后也是用来表示“艰苦的、艰难的、艰巨的、费力的”，主要指在一段时间内需要持之以恒、坚持不懈的艰苦奋斗才能完成，好比爬一座寻常高山时往往更为需要的不是高超的攀爬技巧，而是举步维艰时的坚定步伐，比如：
- 为漫长、炎热而又艰苦的穿越沙漠之旅制定的浮夸计划落空了。
The grandiose scheme for a long, hot and arduous journey across the desert came to nothing.
等到了1709年后， arduous 也开始使用其本义表示“陡峭的、难攀登的”，不过现在较少使用。
权威用例
历经7年艰辛努力，北京冬奥会、冬残奥会胜利举办，举国关注，举世瞩目。
After seven years of arduous efforts, we have successfully hosted the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, drawing wide attention both at home and from abroad.
同近义词
- onerous: (of a task or responsibility) involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty
- laborious: requiring considerable time and effort
- strenuous: requiring or using great effort or exertion
