词源趣谈 | add insult to injury 雪上加霜、落井下石、伤口撒盐、痛上加辱

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关于 add insult to injury 的产生,从词源上来看,一种说法认为它出自古罗马作家费德鲁斯(Phaedrus)的寓言集。

其中,费德鲁斯引用了这样一篇伊索寓言:有个秃汉一巴掌向叮在他头上的苍蝇打去,苍蝇没打到,却打在了自己的头上。于是苍蝇嘲笑道:

“You wanted to kill me for a mere touch. What will you do to yourself, now that you have added insult to injury? ”
“我只不过碰了你一下,你就想拍死我。现在你不但挨了痛,还受了辱,看你如何自处?”

另一种说法认为它出自英国作家爱德华·穆尔(Edward Moore,1712—1757)的戏剧《弃儿》(The Foundling ,1748),其中写道:

“This is adding insult to injuries.”
“这无异于在伤口上撒盐。”

无论是源自哪个出处, add insult to injury 都被用来喻指“雪上加霜、落井下石、伤口撒盐、痛上加辱”,也就是当某人已经受到伤害后,对方又以其他方式对他(或她)继续加以伤害。比如:

  • The driver of the car that killed Smith got a £ 250 fine and five penalty points on his licence. To add insult to injury, he drove away from court in his own car.
    撞死史密斯的汽车司机仅被罚款250英镑,驾照上扣了5分。更让人不可接受的是,他竟然开着自己的车从法院扬长而去。