dismiss, discharge, fire, lay off, retire 与 sack 这些词均可表示“解雇,辞退,使离职”之意。
(1) dismiss意为“解雇,开除,使离职”,是正式用词,多用被动语态,常与from连用。
- He was dismissed from his post for misconduct.
他因渎职被解除了职务。 - A shortage of raw materials will involve a lot of workers being dismissed .
缺少原材料将使许多工人被解雇。
(2) discharge在用作此义时,用法与dismiss相同。
- Anyone caught stealing will be discharged from this firm.
任何被发现盗窃的人将被从本公司辞退。 - His boss discharged him because of his habitual absenteeism.
由于他习惯性旷工,他的老板把他解雇了。
(3) fire在用作此义时是非正式用词,但语气较强,多用被动语态。
- You're no good; you're fired!
你毫无用处,你被解雇了! - He was fired for incompetence.
他因不胜任而被解雇。
(4) lay off意为“解雇”,特别是因淡季、商品积压等原因而临时性解雇。off既可作副词,也可作介词。
- The car factory is having to lay people off (work) again because of the drop in sales.
这家汽车厂因为销售下降将不得不解雇人。 - This factory has laid off over three hundred people recently.
这家工厂最近解雇了三百多人。
(5) retire用作及物动词时,表示“(通常因年龄原因)使退休”;用作不及物动词时表示“退休”。
- In order to save younger men's jobs, some of the older workers were retired early.
为了保住年轻人的工作,让一些老工人提前退休了。 - The firm retired him early.
这家公司让他提前退休了。
(6) ①sack也可表示“解雇”,系英式英语,是非正式用词。
- Tell him if he is late again he'll be sacked .
告诉他,如果再迟到,他将被解雇。 - 200 men have been sacked at the factory, five for drunkenness.
在这家工厂有200人被解雇,其中五人是因为酗酒。
②短语give (sb.) the sack也是“将(某人)解雇”;get the sack是“被解雇”。
- If you're absent from work again, I'll give you the sack .
如果你再旷工,我就解雇你。 - He got the sack (from his job) last week for being dishonest.
他因不诚实上周被解雇了。