(1) ①hope后的从句中常用一般现在时表示“将来”的含义,特别在其主语为第一人称时。
- I hope she likes (=will like) the flowers.
我希望她喜欢这些花。 - I hope the cavalry arrive (=will arrive) soon.
我希望骑兵不久会到达。
②在否定句中,否定通常用在hope后从句中的动词上,这与think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等动词情况不同。
- I hope she won't come. (不说:I don't hope she'll come. 比较:I don't think/suppose/expect/imagine/believe she'll come.)
我希望她不会来。 - I hope she doesn't dislike the flowers.
我希望她不会不喜欢这些花。
③在做简短回答时,hope常与so 或not 连用。
- A: Do you think Andrew realizes?
你认为安德鲁意识到了吗?
B: I hope so ./I hope not .
我希望如此。/我希望他没有意识到。
②hope的过去完成时表示未实现的希望。
- I had hoped that Jennifer would become a doctor, but she wasn't good enough at science.
我曾希望珍妮弗成为一名医生,但她理科不够好。
③hope可接不定式,表示“更有信心的希望或计划”。
- I hope to spend a year in America after I leave school.
我希望离开学校后在美国生活一年。
*但不可用“hope sb.to do sth.”这一结构。
(2) ①wish表示“希望,愿望”,接不定式或宾语+不定式结构时,所表示的愿望实现的可能性较大。接从句时,要用虚拟语气,表示这种愿望实现的可能性很小,或者不可能实现。
- I wish to go to Switzerland for my holidays.
我希望去瑞士度假。 - I wish (that) I could go to the U.S. next year.
我希望明年可以去美国。
②wish可以接双宾语,表示“祝愿”。
- I wish you a happy birthday.
祝你生日快乐。 - I wish you still greater success in the future.
祝你将来取得更大成就。
③wish接宾语+不定式结构,表示“希望或请求别人做某事”。
- I wish you to come and spend the weekend with us.
我希望你来与我们一起过周末。 - I wish you not to be late again.
我希望你别再迟到了。
*这种结构常含有命令的意味,因此不宜用于长辈或上级。可以用比较委婉、客气的“Would you mind doing sth.?”或“Will you be so good as to do sth.?”的句型。
(3) wish for在口语中常代替“want”用。
- I wish for nothing else. (= I want nothing else.)
我其他什么也不要。
(4) ①want 含有因匮乏而需要之意。
Do you want anything else? 你还要点其他的什么吗?
②用“I want to ...”或“I want ...to be ...”的结构表达要别人做某事比较生硬,可以用“May I ask you...?”的句型。
- I want the job (to be) finished within two days.
我想在两天内完成这项工作。 - I don't want that woman to come back here ever again.
我不想让那个女人再回这里来了。
(5) ①desire意为“期望,渴望”,语气较强。可后接名词、代词,带to不定式或that从句。
- It's the human nature to desire happiness and health.
渴望幸福和健康是人之常情。 - They both desire children with all their hearts.
他们两人一门心思地想要孩子。 - We all desire to live in peace with our neighbours.
我们都希望与邻居和平相处。 - The manager desires that you (should) come back at once.
经理希望你立即回来。
②desire 也可接宾语+不定式的复合结构。
- What do you desire me to do at present?
目前,你期望我做什么?
③desire 有时表示“请,请求”。
- She desired me to wait in her office.
她请我在她的办公室里等。 - Please desire the guest to come in.
请让客人进来。