(1) ①lack可用作及物动词和不及物动词。作为不及物动词,现在仅用to be lacking in形式,意为“缺乏(某种品质、特点等),不够……”。
- Jack lacks an inch of being six feet tall.
杰克差一英寸就是六英尺高了。 - He was thought to lack the qualifications to be a teacher.
他被认为缺乏做老师的资格。 - I lack words with which to express my thanks to you all for what you have done for me.
对你们为我所做的事,我无法用言语来表达我对你们大家的谢意。 - He strikes one as being somewhat lacking in humor.
他给人的印象是有些缺乏幽默。
②lack 作为名词,常用在for/by/from/through lack of 短语中,意思是“由于缺乏……”,相当于owing to want/absence of。
- They lost the game for lack of team spirit.
他们因为缺乏团队精神而输了比赛。 - This factory has suspended production for lack of raw materials.
这家工厂因为缺乏原料而停产了。
③lacking可用作介词,意思是“缺乏,没有”,相当于without, not having。
- Lacking any better idea, adopt his.
没有更好的主意就采纳他的吧。
(2) ①want作“缺乏,需要”解时,指“缺乏”必要的或想要的东西。
- My shoes want mending.(也可用need或require代替want)
我的鞋该修了。 - The car wants servicing.
汽车需要检修。
②wanting用在be wanting in短语中,意思是“缺乏”。
- His talk shows that he is wanting in common sense.
他的讲话显示出他缺乏常识。 - You won't find her wanting in beauty and charm.
你会发现她不缺乏美和魅力。 - What he wants (What he is wanting in ) is judgement.
他所缺乏的是判断力。
③短语want for意为“缺乏”,一般用于否定句中。
- We'll do what we can to see that the flood-stricken people do not want for necessities of life.
我们将尽力而为,确保洪灾灾民不缺乏生活必需品。
④want作为名词用在for want of短语中,意思是“由于缺乏”,有时也可与for lack of换用。
- The refugees looked unhealthy for want/lack of sufficient food.
这些难民由于缺乏足够的食品,看起来不太健康。 - The wheat is dying for want of rain.
麦由于缺乏降水快要枯死了。
(3) ①need作为实义动词,意思是“需要,缺乏”。
- The flower needs watering/to be watered.
这花需要浇水。 - Give the firewood to those who need it.
把这木材给那些需要它的人。
②in want, in need两个短语除表示“需要”外,还常用来表示“穷困;生活有困难”。
- She is more or less in want .
她的生活多少有些困难。 - There are still many thousands of people in want in the countryside.
农村里的穷人仍然成千上万。 - He was often in want and without shelter.
他常常生活在穷困中,连个遮风挡雨之处都没有。 - We should help the comrades in their need .
我们应帮助处在困难中的同志。 - Most of the people were in great need .
这些人大多数都很穷困。 - A friend in need is a friend indeed.
〈谚〉患难朋友才是真朋友。
③in want of, in need of意思是“需要;缺乏”。
- This machine is in want/need of oiling. (=This machine wants/needs oiling.)
这台机器需要上油。 - Those people were badly in want of food and medicine.
那些人严重缺少食物和药物。