(1) ①near和其比较级nearer,最高级nearest也可以用作介词(不加to),用于场所、时间、年龄、程度等。
- The project is near completion.
这项工程已快竣工了。 - He lives near the station.
他住在车站附近。 - It is near four o'clock.
快4点了。 - Come and sit nearer me.
过来坐得靠我近些。 - Who's the girl standing nearest the door?
站得离门最近的那个女孩是谁?
②但是,nearer和nearest更多情况下与to连用。
- I tried to get nearer to the fire.
我试图靠火更近一点儿。 - I like the picture that is nearest to the window, over there.
我喜欢那边靠窗最近的那幅画。
③在不涉及实际的(地理上的)距离时,near要与to连用。
- I came very near to hitting him.
我差一点揍了他。 - I could see that she was very near to tears.
我能看出她几乎要哭了出来。
④near也可用作副词。
- They live quite near .
他们住得非常近。 - The Spring Festival is drawing near .
春节临近了。
⑤near还可用作形容词。
- He knew only too well that he would be hard up in the near future.
他很知道,在不久的将来他将会在经济上很困难。
(2) ①nearby(或写作near by)用作副词,意为“在附近,在手边”。
- He lives nearby — less than two blocks from here.
他住在附近——离这儿不到两个街区。
②near-by可用作形容词(注意有连字符),意为“附近的,近处的”。
- Why didn't you go to the near-by hospital?(英国人多用neighboring)
你为什么不去附近的医院呢?
③nearby还可作介词用,意为“在……的附近”。
- They are going to build a new factory nearby the school.
他们要在学校附近建个新工厂。