(1) ①pass可用作及物动词，意思是“度过……；消磨时间”。
- Mary passes her time (by/in) knitting.
玛丽以编织消磨时间。 - How do you pass your time now you are retired?
既然你现在退休了，怎么打发时间呢？
②pass也可用作不及物动词，表示“过去了”。
- The time for action had already passed .
行动的时机已经过去了。 - The autumn and winter passed uneventfully here.
这个秋冬平静无事地过去了。 - Three years had passed since I came.
我来这儿三年了。 - The feeling had but deepened with the passing of years.
随着岁月的流逝，这种感觉却加深了。
(2) pass away可表示“消磨掉，过去了”，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
- Newspaper reading helps pass away the time.
看报纸有助于消磨时间。 - The seasons passed away rapidly.
四季匆匆逝去。
(3) ①pass by也可以表示时间，意思是“过去了”，by用作副词。
- Hours passed by without our knowing it.
不知不觉几个小时过去了。
②pass by中的by也可用作介词，意思是“走过(某人、某处)”，有时意味着“不停、不理睬、不注意地走过去”。
- He passed by me without noticing me.
他从我身边经过，没有注意到我。 - I pass by the post office every day.
我每天都经过邮局。
(4) elapse指时间“经过，逝去，流逝”，是书面用语，使用场合较pass窄，含有“悄悄、不知不觉地过去”的意味。
- Twenty years have elapsed since our first meeting.
我们第一次见面，距今已20年过去了。
(5) ①go by指时间“经过，过去”，by可用作副词，等于pass或pass by，用于口语，可用于人、物或时间。
- A month went by slowly without the culprit being secured by the police.
一个月慢慢地过去了，罪犯还未被警察抓获。 - As each contingent went by , there was a burst of applause from the watching crowd.
每个小分队过去时，观看的人群就爆发出一阵掌声。
②go by中的by也可用作介词，表示“走过(某处)”，常用于口语。
- I go by the church every day on my way home from work.
我每天下班回家路上都经过这个教堂。
(6) spend表示“以一定方式度过一定时间”，以人为主语。
- Can't you come and spend the holidays with us?
你就不能来和我们一起度假？ - I spent three hours on/in doing my homework.
我花了三个小时做家庭作业。
(7) kill可用于时间，表示“消磨，消遣，打发”。
- The train was very late, so we had to kill time by playing cards.
火车很晚才开，因此我们不得不打牌消磨时间。 - He killed an hour by looking round the shops.
他逛商店打发掉了一小时的时间。
