区别辨析 reach, reach after, reach for, reach to/towards, arrive in/at, get at 与 get to

(1) ①reach表示“到达某地”,是及物动词,与arrive at/in,get to同义。

  • We have two kilometres to walk to reach the nearest railway station.
    我们要走两公里地才能到达最近的火车站。
  • He reached here yesterday morning about 7 o'clock. (here在句中用作宾语)
    他昨天早晨约7点到这儿。

②reach可以表示“够到(某处);传到某人手中/耳朵里”。

  • The ladder is just long enough to reach the top of the building.
    梯子刚好够到建筑物的顶部。
  • Your letter of Jan. 20 only reached me yesterday.
    你1月20日的信我昨天才收到。

③reach还表示“与某人联系”,或引申用于抽象的场合,表示“达到,达成”。

  • I attempted to reach him by mail and by phone, but failed.
    我试图以邮件和电话与他联系,但没能联系上。
  • The ancient Chinese civilization reached a considerably high level in several fields.
    古代中国文明在几个领域里达到相当高的水平。
  • He has now reached the age of 50.
    他现在已经50岁了。
  • They'll hopefully reach peaceful settlement on the basis of their talks.
    他们有希望在会谈的基础上达成和平解决。

④reach也可用作不及物动词,组成某些短语:reach after意思是“伸手或脚够取;试图得到;追求”,多用于抽象之物(如名利、真理)。

  • For years he studied many forms of religion, reaching after the truth.
    多年来他研究了许多种宗教,试图找到真理。
  • What he reached after for years was only his personal fame.
    他追求了多年的仅仅是他个人的名气。

⑤reach for与reach after同义,只是较常用于具体事物。

  • He reached for the phone and quickly dialed a number.
    他伸手拿起电话,并很快拨了一个号码。

⑥reach to/towards意为“到达、延伸到(某地)”。

  • My voice cannot reach to the very high notes/the back of the classroom.
    我的声音达不到非常高的音阶/教室的后部。
  • On one wall there was a bookcase that reached (up) to the ceiling.
    靠着一面墙有一个高到天花板的书橱。
  • Does the newly-built railway line reach to your hometown?
    这条新建的铁路线通到你家乡了吗?

⑦reach up意为“向上伸、够”。

  • I can get that apple on the high branch if I reach up .
    如果手向上伸,我能够摘下那根高枝上的苹果。
  • After years of efforts, he finally reached up to the highest position in the firm.
    经过多年的努力,他最后升到了公司的最高职位。

 (2) ①arrive in/at抵达大地方用in,小地方或某个场所用at,引喻场合用at。

  • When he arrived in Europe, he took energetic steps to fulfil his plan.
    他到了欧洲之后,就采取有力步骤实施他的计划。
  • You must strive to remain disinterested before you can arrive at a fair solution to the problem.
    你必须努力保持公正无私才能对这一问题得出公正的解决办法。

②arrive与home, there, here等副词连用时不用介词。

  • Mary felt in excellent spirits when she arrived home.
    玛丽到家时感到精神极好。

③间或有用arrive in(抽象事物用at)的过去分词形式作状语或同位语的情况。

  • Arrived in this country, he settled down and set to work.
    到这个国家后,他安顿下来,开始工作。
  • Only your judgment, consciously arrived at , only the intellect and senses in the service of human compassion — will take you where you want to go.
    只有你们有意识发展起来的判断力,只有服务于人类同情心的智慧和理智才会把你们带到你要去的地方。

 (3) ①get at表示“拿到,找到,到达”,意思接近reach。

  • When the fox couldn't get at the grapes, he said they were sour.
    狐狸吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸。
  • The place is pretty difficult to get at .
    这地方很难找到/到达。

②get to是“到达(某地、某一时刻、年龄等)”,等于reach,是通俗用语。

  • When you get to Beijing, call me up.
    你到了北京后,给我打电话。
  • When it gets to 10 o'clock, I begin to feel tired.
    一到10点,我就开始感到累。

③get to还有“开始做(某事)”的意思。

  • Time is up! Let's get to work at once.
    时间到了,我们马上开始工作吧。
  • Lying in bed, unable to sleep, he got to thinking how nice it would be to get away and start a new life somewhere else.
    他躺在床上,无法入睡,他开始想,要是离开这儿到别处重打锣鼓另开张,那该多好啊。