(1) shortcoming意为“缺点,短处”,指未能达到一定标准、未充分发展或未尽到职责。在这些词中程度较轻,多用复数。
- For all his shortcomings, I still like him.
尽管他有缺点,我仍然喜欢他。 - The plan has its shortcoming, but on the whole it is not bad.
这项计划有它的缺陷,但总体来说还是不错的。
(2) ①error意为“错误”,侧重由于违反某一既定标准而做错了事。error与 mistake接近。但mistake更侧重由于认识或判断上的失误而犯的行动或认识上的错误。两者常可换用。
- Be careful not to repeat the errors of the past.
小心不要重蹈覆辙。 - We should guard against duplicating the mistakes we made several years ago.
我们应警惕不要重复我们几年前犯下的错误。 - There are three spelling mistakes/errors in your composition.
在你作文中有三处拼写错误。 - I will correct the errors in the account of my father's.
我要将我父亲账目上的错误改正过来。
②日常用语中常用mistake。
- It's a mistake to think that our reforms can be accomplished easily without struggle.
认为我们的改革能够不经过斗争就能轻而易举地完成,是错误的。
③in error与by mistake同义。但in error可作表语和状语;by mistake只作状语。
- If you realize you are in error , you should admit it.
如果你认识到你错了,就应当承认。 - You are in error in assuming that the reform in the financial and monetary system can be conducted on its merry way.
你认为财政金融体制的改革可以畅行无阻地进行,这样想是错误的。 - He took my umbrella in error/by mistake .
他错拿了我的伞。
(3) ①fault是“缺点,缺陷,过错,毛病,瑕疵”的意思,指某种使人或物不完美之处,作“过错”解时,含有某人对某事负有责任的意味。
- She loves him in spite of all his faults .
尽管他有那么些毛病,她依然爱他。 - Her only fault is excessive shyness.
她唯一的缺点就是过于羞涩。 - They believed the fault lay with him for what had happened.
他们确信所发生的一切都是他的过错。 - His one fault appeared to be that he lacked ambition.
他的一个缺陷似乎是他缺乏雄心壮志。
②fault也可作“错误”解。
- I have corrected some faults in the manuscript.
我已修改了原稿中的几处错误。
③(be) at fault表示“有错,有毛病,是问题所在”。
- The taxi driver who did not stop at the red light was at fault in the accident.
闯红灯的出租车司机在这次事故中是责任方。 - You're at fault in supposing that you owe nothing to your teachers for your success.
你认为你的成功丝毫不归功于你的老师,这样想是错误的。
④to a fault则表示“过于;过头”。
- Why, you are still writing your report! Don't be careful to a fault .
嗨,你还在写你的报告啊!不要太过于仔细了。
(4) flaw指物体上的“裂痕”;或使事物价值减损的“瑕疵,缺陷,破绽等”,如:flaws in a jewel, flaws in a person's character, flaws in an argument。
- Have you found the flaw in the diamond?
你发现这颗钻石上的瑕疵了吗? - A strict scientist can't bear his theory to have a flaw .
一位严谨的科学家是无法忍受他理论中有缺陷的。
(拓展学习:小词详解 | flaw)
(5) blemish意为“污点,缺点,瑕疵”,指有损人或物的完美的东西,可以是有形的,也可以是无形的,如道德上的瑕疵等。
- The blemishes in his work have been removed and the best features of his work retained.
他作品中的缺陷已被去掉而最佳特点得以保留。 - The chemical burn left a blemish on his face.
这次的化学烧伤在他脸上留下了一道疤痕。 - He was a noble man leading a life pure from any blemish all his life.
他是个一辈子过着清清白白生活的高尚的人。 - That was quite a blemish on his record.
这是他人生记录上的一个大污点。
(拓展学习:小词详解 | blemish)
(6) defect意为“缺点,短处,毛病,美中不足”。
- All people have the defects of their qualities.
所有的人都有美中不足之处。 - We must correct/remedy/repair/overcome/obviate our defects as soon as possible.
我们必须尽快改正/克服/消除我们的缺点。 - What did the doctor say about curing the intellectual defect of the boy?
关于治疗这个男孩的智力缺陷,医生说了什么? - A defect in judgment led to/resulted in the accident.
一个判断上的失误导致了这次事故。 - Pride is a serious defect in his character.
骄傲是他性格上的一大缺陷。
(拓展学习:小词详解 | defect)
(7) blunder意思是“大错,蠢笨而粗心的错误”。
- I might have committed some dreadful blunder .
我很可能犯了某个可怕的错误。 - That is considered one of the gravest political blunders that have ever been committed/made in the history of the Party.
那被视为迄今为止在党的历史上最为严重的一个政治错误。