(1) ①surprise表示“使……惊奇”，可用于好的方面，也可用于不好的方面。
- It surprised us all that she was such an able and efficient woman.
我们都很惊讶她竟是一位如此能干而又利索的女性。 - Nothing would have surprised her more than to hear this said of her.
没有任何事情能比让她听到这么说她更让她感到惊奇的了。
②surprise的过去分词常用作表语，表示“感到奇怪，吃惊”，后接不定式、介词at或that从句，间或用其他介词。
- We were surprised to find/at finding the house empty.
我们惊讶地发现这所房子空着。 - I' m surprised (that) he didn't do what I had told him to.
我很惊讶他竟然没有做我要他做的事情。 - Is there anything to be surprised about ?
有什么事值得大惊小怪的吗？ - She was both pleased and surprised with the quickness of his mind.
对于他的头脑敏捷，她感到既高兴又吃惊。
③surprise还表示“突袭，出其不意地碰上或造访”。
- Our troops surprised the enemy while they were still sleeping.
我军趁敌军正在熟睡之际突袭了他们。 - A policeman surprised them in the act of stealing.
他们行窃时被警察碰上了。 - They surprised us with a visit.
出乎我们的意料，他们拜访了我们。
(2) astonish表示“使惊异，惊讶”，较surprise意味强，可用于好的或不好的感觉，所用句型与surprise相同。
- We were astonished to hear what had happened.
听说发生的这一切后我们感到非常吃惊。 - That gift of $200 astonished me.
那件价值200美元的礼品使我颇为震惊。 - I was astonished at the rapid progress she had made in her studies.
我很惊异于她学习上取得的迅速进步。 - We were all astonished that they didn't come to the meeting.
他们竟然没来参加会议，我们都感到惊讶。
(3) startle意为“使惊愕，使吃惊，使猛然一惊，惊吓”，一般只用作及物动词。
- Oh, you devil! You startled me to death, I didn't hear you come in!
哎哟，你这个坏蛋！你吓死我了，我没听到你进来！ - The knocking at the door startled me out of sleep at midnight.
半夜的敲门声惊醒了睡梦中的我。 - I was startled to see him looking so ill.
看到他满面病容我甚为吃惊。 - He was startled at the story being taken seriously.
这个故事被当真了，他非常惊讶。 - She was so startled when she saw that man that she dropped the bag in her hand to the ground.
当她看到那人时是如此吃惊，以致手中的包掉落在地。
(4) start作不及物动词也有“猛然一惊，吃惊地跳起”；作及物动词时有“惊动，使吓一跳”之意。
- She started when she heard the door open in the night.
当她听到夜里门开了，给吓了一跳。 - He started up from his bed when he heard the gun.
当他听到枪声时，他惊得从床上跳了起来。 - He started angrily to his feet on hearing the speaker's words.
在听到讲话者的这些话时，他气得猛然站了起来。 - The gunshot started the birds in the trees.
枪声惊起了林中的鸟儿。
(5) shock表示“使震惊，使惊愕或产生厌恶情绪”，用于不好的感觉。
- It shocked me to see in what miserable conditions the workers lived.
看到工人们在如此悲惨的条件下生活时我感到很震惊。 - I was shocked at hearing that he cheated in the exam.
听到他在考试中作弊的消息我颇为震惊。 - I was not shocked by what they had done.
对他们的所作所为我丝毫不感到震惊。
(6) astound表示“使震惊，惊骇”，可用于好的或坏的感觉。
- He was astounded when he heard he had won the prize/by the news that he had won the prize.
当他得知他得了奖时他很惊讶。 - He was perfectly astounded at/by the intelligence.
对这一情报他全然乱了方寸。
(7) amaze指“使惊讶，惊愕”，可用于好的感觉，常有钦羡、赞赏的意味；也有时用于不好的感觉。
- His behavior amazed us speechlessly.
他的行为使我们惊讶得说不出话来。 - They were all amazed at the girl's conversational fluency in English.
他们全都惊讶于这个女孩流畅的英语会话。 - I am amazed by what has happened.
对所发生的一切我感到惊愕。
(8) stun原意为“打击，使失去知觉”，也表示“使震惊，惊呆；吓蒙了”，用于不好的方面。
- He was stunned by the news of his father's death.
听到父亲去世的消息，他一下子惊呆了。 - She was stunned to discover that her husband had left home and gone where nobody knew.
当发现她丈夫离家去了谁也不知道的地方，她一下子懵了。
(9) take aback表示“使吃惊”，可用于好的或不好的感觉。用人作主语，要用被动式；用事物作主语时，要用主动式：
- His sudden change of opinion took us all aback .
他的突然改变主意使我们所有的人都吃了一惊。 - We were all taken aback by his unexpected appearance.
他的出人意料的出现使我们全都大吃一惊。 - I confess I was somewhat taken aback when I heard that.
我承认当我听到那事时我有些吃惊。 - He seemed taken aback at/by her directness.
他似乎因为她的直截了当而吃了一惊。
(10) dumbfound意为“使惊愕，吓呆，使吃惊得说不出话”，用于坏的方面。
- The strange news completely dumbfounded us.
这则怪消息使我们彻底地目瞪口呆了。
(11) strike dumb等于dumbfound。
- I was struck dumb by the unexpected news.
这则突如其来的消息使我惊得说不出话来。 - The news of the assassination of the wise leader struck us all dumb .
这位英明的领导人被暗杀的消息使我们全都惊呆了。
