(1) ①surrender表示“投降，投案，自首”，此时为不及物动词；作为及物动词时表示在压力或需要的情况下“放弃(城市、船等)，抛弃，舍弃，让与，交出”。

• Japan was forced to surrender to the Allied Forces on Aug. 14, 1945.
  1945年8月14日，日本被迫向盟军投降。
• You must surrender your old passport when applying for a new one.
  在申请新护照时你必须交出你的旧护照。
• They were forced to surrender the city to the enemy.
  他们被迫将那座城市交给敌人。
• Finally he surrendered his dream of becoming a writer.
  最后他放弃了他的作家梦。

②surrender (oneself) to sb.是“向某人自首”；surrender (oneself) to sth.意为“沉溺于(某种习惯、情绪)之中”。

• He urged his son to surrender (himself) to the police.
  他力劝他的儿子向警察自首。
• One shouldn't surrender himself to a life of comfort and pleasure.
  一个人不应沉溺于舒适和享乐之中。
• He surrendered (himself) to despair after he lost his job.
  失业之后他沉溺于绝望之中。

 (2) abdicate用作及物动词，意为 “放弃(高位、权力、统治或职责)”，用作不及物动词时，表示“放弃王位，逊位”，引申可作“让位”解。

• King Ed VIII abdicated (from) his throne in 1936 to marry a commoner and was created Duke of Windsor.
  1936年，国王爱德华八世为了娶一位平民女子放弃了他的王位，而成为温莎公爵。
• To guard against inhuman use of science and technology doesn't mean, of course, that science and technology will abdicate in favor of ignorance and superstition.
  防止非人道地使用科学技术，当然，并不意味着科技将让位于无知和迷信。
• How can you abdicate your responsibility for the care of your children?
  你怎么能放弃照料你的孩子们的责任呢？

 (3) ①give in也可表示“让步，妥协，投降”，表示“让步，妥协，认输”时，与yield同义；表示“投降”时与 surrender同义。

• As neither side would give in , the talks ended in failure.
  由于任何一方都不愿让步，会谈以失败告终。
• You have to admit that you can't win the game, so you may as well give in .
  你必须承认你不能赢得比赛，那么你不妨认输。

②give in to意为“屈从，迁就，向……投降，让步”。

• If he pleads with you to let him stay at home from school, you mustn't give in to him.
  如果他请求你让他不去上学待在家里，你可不要迁就他。
• The criminals were at last forced to give in to the police.
  罪犯最终被迫向警察投降。
• Children who are always given in to by their parents soon become spoiled.
  被父母一味迁就的孩子很快就会被宠坏。

 (4) ①give up可作“放弃(某事)；放弃做(某事)”解，后接名词、代词或动名词。

• She decided to give up her job to further her studies.
  她决定放弃她的工作以继续深造。
• He had given up transporting vegetables from the countryside to the cities after that accident.
  自那次事故之后，他就不再跑运输——把蔬菜从农村运到城市了。

②give up (to)也可表示“交出，让与，向……投降，自首，认输，停止战斗”，意思接近surrender和yield。

• The gunman gave himself up to the police at last.
  持枪歹徒最后向警察投降。
• Finally he gave the relevant documents up under pressure.
  在重压之下他终于交出了有关文件。
• The house was given up to the children for their Christmas parties.
  这所房子让给了孩子们举行圣诞宴会。
• Seeing that they had been surrounded by the enemy troops, they had no other choice but to give up/surrender/yield .
  看到已被敌军包围，他们别无选择，只好投降。
• They fought on until they exhausted their ammunition and food supplies and finally they were forced to give up/surrender/yield up the city to the enemy.
  他们一直战斗到弹尽粮绝，最后被迫把这座城市交给了敌人。

③give up还可表示“把(自己、时间、生命等)用于做(某事)”。

• We gave up the latter part of the evening to games and dancing.
  那天晚上后半部分我们用来玩游戏和跳舞。

 (5) ①give way (to)也可表示“服从，屈服，向……妥协，让步”。

• A deadlock was reached in the discussion, as neither side would give way to/give in to/yield to the other.
  由于双方都不肯向对方让步，讨论陷入了僵局。
• He spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee gave way to his opinion.
  他的话讲得如此有力以至于委员会的其他人都服从于他的观点。
• Threats and bullying should not be given way to under any condition.
  在任何情况下都不应该屈服于威胁和恐吓。

②give way to也表示“对自己失去控制，听任”，可与surrender换用。

• The young couple gave way/surrendered to grief after the traffic accident snuffed out their only child.
  在车祸夺走了他们唯一的孩子之后，这对年轻夫妇沉溺于悲哀之中。

③give way to 又表示“让位给，转为”。

• Once the prevailing wind changes, the hot, humid weather will give way to cooler and dry weather.
  盛行风一旦改变，这种湿热天气就会被凉爽、干燥的天气取代。
• Electric fans are now gradually giving way to air-conditioners in cities.
  在城市里电扇正逐步被空调取代。
• When she saw the clown falling down from the ladder, the little girl's tears gave way to laughter.
  当她看到小丑从梯子上摔落下来时，这个小女孩破涕为笑。

④give way (to) 还可作“崩塌，让路给……”解。

• He gave way at the door and let an old lady go in before him.
  他在门口让路给一位老妇人，让她先进去。
• The railings gave way , and two people fell in the river.
  护栏垮塌，有两人掉入河里。

 (6) ①yield作为及物动词，有“提供，让给，给予，交出”等意思，可以是自愿的，也可是被迫的，在被迫情况下可与surrender换用，常用句型为yield (up) sth. to sb.。

• They were forced to yield up/surrender the city to the enemy when ammunition and food supplies were exhausted.
  当弹尽粮绝时，他们被迫向敌人交出了这座城市。
• It is considered to be polite to yield up one's seat on the bus to an old man.
  在公共汽车上为老年人让座被认为是礼貌之举。

②yield还表示“让步，投降”，这时用作不及物动词。作“投降”解时，可与surrender换用。

• The brave soldier refused to yield/surrender and jumped down the cliff.
  这位勇敢的战士拒绝投降，跳下了悬崖。
• They tried to make him change his plan, but he refused to yield .
  他们试图使他改变计划，但他拒绝让步。

③短语yield to表示“向……低头，投降，让步”或“顺从；治疗有效”。

• We Chinese people will never yield to threats.
  我们中国人民决不会向恐吓低头。
• Never yield to temptation.
  决不要屈从于诱惑。
• His disease finally yielded to the long, careful treatment and he slowly got recovered.
  他的疾病最终向长期、精心的治疗低下了头， 他慢慢康复了。

④yield to还表示“给……让位；比……逊色”。

• Veteran cadres are encouraged to yield to younger able people.
  鼓励老干部让位给年轻有为的人。
• He yields to no one in writing plays.
  在写剧本方面他绝不比任何人逊色。