(1) 这些短语在意思和用法上有些差别。tell against与weigh against较接近，意思是“对……不利”，work against意为“引起或增加某人或某事失败的机会；对……不利”。
这三者都只用主动式。前两个用一般时态，work against还可以用进行时态。一般情况下三者可以换用。
- His frequent lateness will tell/work/weigh against him when the new appointments are being decided.
他经常迟到，这在决定新任命时将会对他不利。 - His appearance works/tells/weighs against his chance of success as a politician.
他的形象不利于他在仕途上取得成功。 - Time is working against you.
(拖延)时间对你不利。 - The lady's evidence will weigh/tell against him in the case.
这个案件中，这位女士的证词将会对他不利。 - The fact that he has spent 3 years in prison ought not to weigh against his getting a senior post here.
他坐过三年牢的经历不应该影响他在这里获得高级职位。
(2) charge against原意为“记在……账上”，又引申表示“对……不利”，通常用被动式。
- Charge these goods against my account.
把这些货物记在我的账户上。 - Every mistake you make will be charged against you.
你犯的每一个错都会对你不利。
(3) count against意为“对……不利；被看作不利的因素”，既可作不及物动词，又可作及物动词(有被动用法)，作不及物用法时意思与tell against, weigh against, work against接近，可换用。
- His height/age counted against him in his application for the position.
他的身高／年龄是他申请这个职位的一个不利因素。 - I'm afraid his prison record counts against him when he is trying to get a job.
我担心他曾坐过牢的历史在他试图找工作时将是个不利因素。 - I don't think his past history should be counted against him when we consider his application for the job.
我认为当我们考虑他的求职申请时，他的过去不应成为他的不利因素。
(4) hold against指“因……而认为(某人)不好”，hold用作及物动词，用主动式时主语是人。
- Do you think it fair to hold his past bad behavior against him?
因为他过去的恶行而认为他不好，你觉得这样公平吗？ - The fact that he's let you down once before shouldn't be held against him.
过去他曾经让你失望过，但不能因此而否定他。 - Do you hold it against him that he was sentenced to two years' imprisonment several years ago?
你能因几年前他被判了两年徒刑，就认定他不好吗？
