(1) undermine意为“挖坏，逐渐损坏，破坏”，本指使下面的土壤流失，或在下面挖空，使失去支撑而从基础上损坏，也可引申用于其他方面。
- The flood undermined the foundation of the bridge.
洪水损坏了大桥的根基。 - Years of overwork undermined his health.
多年的超负荷工作拖垮了他的身体。 - His enemies are trying to undermine his reputation/authority by spreading rumors.
他的敌人正在散布谣言企图损坏他的名誉/权威。 - If you always say she is wrong, you'll undermine her confidence.
如果你总是说她错了，会打击她的自信心。
(2) disrupt指“打乱，破坏，使陷入混乱”。
- The serious floods have disrupted the railway services into and out of the region.
洪水破坏了进出这个地区的铁路交通。 - Communication service was disrupted for 20 hours because of the earthquake.
因为地震，通信服务被打断达20个小时。
(3) ①destroy指“摧毁，毁灭”。
- The floods unknown in a century in the south of China have destroyed many houses.
中国南方百年不遇的洪水毁掉了许多房屋。 - She said he was at liberty to destroy the letter.
她说他有权把这封信给毁掉。
②destroy也可作“杀死，杀掉”，是委婉的说法，尤用于动物。
- The dog is mad and ought to be destroyed .
这狗疯了，应该杀掉。
③destroy还可用于引申。
- She said he had destroyed her life and all her hopes.
她说他毁了她的生活和所有的希望。
(4) ①wreck意为“毁坏(撞坏)”，特别指车、船、飞机等。
- The airplane skidded off the runway and wrecked two hangars.
飞机滑出跑道，撞毁了两个飞机库。 - His car was completely wrecked in an accident last year.
他的车在去年的一场车祸中被彻底毁坏了。
②wreck可用于引申，意为“破坏，使破灭”。
- His failure in the college entrance examination wrecked all his hopes.
高考失败使他所有希望都成了泡影。 - The bad weather has completely wrecked our vacation plan.
恶劣的天气彻底破坏了我们的假期计划。
(5) ①ruin意为“毁掉，毁坏，弄糟，破坏”。
- The continuous heavy rains have ruined most of the crops.
连绵不断的大雨把大部分庄稼给毁了。 - His involvement in the scandal almost ruined his prospects.
他卷入了这场丑闻，这几乎毁掉了他的前程。 - His illness ruined his chance of going abroad.
他因病而丧失了出国的机会。
②ruin也可表示“(把人)毁掉，使失去前途或倾家荡产；使破产”。
- Don't throw in your lot with those people, or it will ruin you!
不要把自己的命运和那些人绑在一起，那会毁了你！ - He was ruined by that law case.
那个案子使他破产了。 - The stock market crash ruined many people overnight.
股票市场的崩盘使很多人一夜之间倾家荡产。
(6) obliterate意为“擦掉，涂掉，除去，毁灭，使被忘却”。
- He carefully obliterated his name from the page.
他小心翼翼地把他的名字从这一页上擦去。 - I have obliterated him from my memory.
我已经把他忘记了。 - That village was obliterated in that flood.
那个村庄被那场洪水毁掉了。
(7) eradicate指“消除，根除，杜绝”，多指坏的事物。
- Medical workers are trying hard to eradicate these diseases.
医务工作者正在努力根除这些疾病。 - If you want to be successful in your career, you must eradicate your bad habits.
你如果想在事业上成功，就必须根除恶习。
(8) annihilate指“歼灭，消灭，摧毁，击败”。
- The invasion troops were annihilated .
来犯敌人已被歼灭。 - The continuous bombing annihilated that village.
连续不断的轰炸摧毁了整个村子。 - Their team annihilated ours in the finals.
在决赛中他们队把我们队打败了。
(9) wipe out意为“擦掉，擦干净；把……涂掉，消灭；摧毁，歼灭，杀死”。
- The teacher wiped out with an eraser what she had written on the blackboard.
老师用黑板擦把她刚才写在黑板上的东西擦掉了。 - You must try to wipe out the memory of these terrible events.
你必须努力消除对这些可怕的事件的记忆。 - We must be united and make every effort to wipe out injustice in our society.
我们必须团结起来尽一切努力消除整个社会的不公正现象。 - The city was almost completely wiped out in that earthquake.
那个城市在地震中几乎被完全夷为平地。 - The enemy troops were completely wiped out in the battle.
敌人的军队在那次战斗中被全部歼灭了。
(10) stamp out指“用脚扑灭，踩灭；消灭，镇压”。
- He stamped out the fire in the grass with his foot.
他用脚踩灭了草地上的火。 - We must stamp this disease out completely.
我们必须彻底消除这种疾病。 - All resistance to the regime was ruthlessly stamped out .
所有对这一政权的反抗都被残酷地镇压了。
(11) root out可作“根除，消除，铲除”解。
- He rooted out all dead plants and replaced them with healthy ones in his garden.
他在自己的花园里把死去的植物拔掉，换上生长良好的。 - They are trying to root out this disease throughout the country.
他们正努力在全国范围内根除这种疾病。 - The government has made several attempts in the whole nation to thoroughly root out the illegal drug traffic.
政府做了几次努力以在全国范围内杜绝毒品交易。
