区别辨析 watch for, watch out, watch out for, look out, look out for, be on the watch/look-out for, keep a good watch for, be watchful of, be watchful against, be watchful for, guard against, keep (a close) guard on 与 be on one's guard against

(1) watch for意为“留心找寻;小心等候”。

  • Watch for the symptoms of measles, they will soon show.
    要留心麻疹的症状,它们很快就会显现出来。
  • The plainclothes detective stood there fully an hour watching for the suspect.
    这位便衣侦探在那儿站了足足一小时监视着嫌疑犯。

 (2) watch out意为“当心,注意”。

  • You'll get into trouble if you don't watch out .
    如果你不注意,你会遇到麻烦的。
  • Watch out you don't hurt her feelings.
    注意不要伤害她的感情。

 (3) watch out for意为“提防,当心;注意找寻/等候”。

  • You'd better watch out for that fellow of suspicious appearance.
    你最好提防那外表可疑的家伙。
  • You must watch out for the cars when you go out in the streets.
    当你上街时,一定小心车辆。
  • Go to the gate and watch out for the postman.
    到门口去等着邮递员。

 (4) look out意为“查出,找出”,有时可与look up换用。该短语还可表示“提防,当心,注意”,这时等于watch out。

  • She looked out some Russian stamps for me.
    她找出一些俄罗斯邮票给我。
  • Have you looked the word out/up in the dictionary?
    你已在字典上查出来这个词了吗?
  • When crossing the street, you must look out/watch out for the traffic.
    过马路时一定要小心车辆。
  • Look out/Watch out the cat doesn't steal the fish.
    小心不要让猫偷吃了鱼。

 (5) look out for可表示“当心,提防;找寻,留心找,注意(某人的出现)”。

  • When you're walking in the woods, you have to look out for snakes.
    当你在林中行走时,你得提防蛇。
  • Look out for the train,” the sign at the railway crossing warns.
    “小心火车”铁路岔道口写着警示标志。
  • I'm looking out for the mistakes in the manuscript.
    我正在寻找原稿中的错误。
  • Look out for George, or we shall miss him.
    留心找一下乔治,不然我们会找不着他的。

 (6) ①be on the watch/look-out for意思是“提防,警惕,当心,留心”,这时也可用be on the alert for。

  • We were warned to be on the watch/look-out for pickpockets.
    我们被提醒要提防扒手。
  • Be on the watch for vehicles when you cross the road.
    你过马路时要小心车辆。

②be on the look-out for还作“寻找”解。

  • She is always on the look-out for bargains.
    她总是找些便宜货买。
  • He hasn't got an ideal job; he is still on the look-out for one.
    他还没找到一份理想的工作,他仍在寻找着。

 (7) ①keep a good watch for意为“提防,警惕,注意(等候)”。

  • We must keep a good/sharp/close watch for bad people.
    我们必须严加提防坏人。
  • Keep watch for Mr. Liu. I want to consult him about a question.
    请留意一下刘先生,我想向他咨询一个问题。

②keep (a) watch on意思是“监视,密切注视,注意”。

  • The police have been keeping a watch on the building for a week.
    警察一周来一直在监视这座大楼。
  • Keep (a close) watch on the kettle so it doesn't boil over.
    注意看着水壶,不要让水滚了溢出来。

 (8) be watchful of意为“注意”。

  • Don't work yourself so hard. You'd better be watchful of your health.
    不要工作起来这么个拼法,最好注意一下你的身体。
  • We're pressed for money this month — we have to be very watchful of our expenses.
    这月我们钱比较紧张——我们必须注意开支。

 (9) be watchful against意思是“警惕,提防”。

  • We must be constantly watchful against any possible attack by the enemy.
    我们必须时刻警惕敌人发动任何可能的袭击。

(10) be watchful for除表示“警惕,提防”之意外,还表示“注意找寻”。可以用remain代替be。

  • We should be/remain watchful for any sign of danger.
    我们应提防任何危险信号。

(11) guard against意为“警惕,防止”。

  • We must guard against any tendency to be conceited.
    我们应警惕防止任何骄傲自满的倾向。
  • Doctors must always guard against passing on disease to their family members.
    医生应时刻注意防止把疾病传染给家人。
  • When you're talking to her, you should guard against hurting her feelings.
    当你与她交谈时应小心不要伤害她的感情。

(12) keep (a close) guard on意为“注意”。

  • One should always keep (a close) guard on his manners.
    一个人应时刻注意自己的举止。

(13) be on one's guard against意思是“对……保持警惕”。

  • You must be on your guard against thieves on the bus.
    在公共汽车上你必须小心窃贼。