(1) ①两者均可引出间接问句作宾语。
- I want to know whether/if Lily has arrived in Washington in safety.
我想知道莉莉是否安全抵达华盛顿。
②日常口语中,多用if。
- Please ask him if he will be free tomorrow.
请问他明天是否有空。
(2) 但是if不用来引出介词宾语从句,也不与or not或不定式连用(但不绝对),这些场合,只能用whether,如果两种选择都给出(句中含有or),较多用whether,特别是在正式文体中。
- Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
它对我们是有害还是有利仍需拭目以待。 - It is uncertain whether the meeting will be held as planned or be postponed.
会议是如期举行还是被推迟还不确定。 - The moon is a moon, whether it shines or not.
不管它是否发光,月亮就是月亮。 - Let me know whether/if you can come or not.
让我知道你是否能来。 - There is some doubt as to whether he will be able to take part.
对于他是否能参加还有些怀疑。 - I don't know whether to go or to stay.
我不知道是去还是留。
(3) 一般认为if不用来引出主语从句,但实际上在下面句子中,if引出的句子就可以认为是主语从句,前面用it作形式主语。
- It'll make me very happy if you'll come to the party.
你如果能前来赴宴我将非常高兴。 - It doesn't matter if you don't come.
如果你不来也没关系。
(4) 引起同位语从句或短语时,用whether。
- The question whether we shall go abroad this year or next still remains unsettled.
关于我们是今年还是明年出国的问题仍悬而未决。 - The decision whether to see her (or not) was mine alone.
决定是否去看她,完全是我自己的事。
(5) if可以连接两个形容词或副词。
- I found great, if temporary, comfort in Grandpa's society.
和祖父待在一起,我得到了极大的安慰,虽然那是暂时的。 - That is a good, if not excellent, film.
那部电影虽然不是非常棒,但也是一部好电影了。 - She was a very pleasant if noisy child.
她虽然爱说爱闹,但还是一位令人喜爱的孩子。
(6) 有些动词如discuss后,用whether不用if。
- We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们商议是否要关闭这个商店。
(7) whether构成whether by accident or design(不知是有意还是无意),whether through choice or obedience(不知是出于自愿还是顺从)等短语。
- Whether by accident or design , they met in Paris.
不知是有意还是无意,他们在巴黎相遇了。 - Whether through choice or obedience, I don't know, but he certainly did all the work very well.
我不知道他是出于自愿还是被迫顺从,但他的确将工作完成得都很出色。