Maximilien Robespierre
法国大革命领袖人物——马克西米连·罗伯斯庇尔

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (1758-1794) was a French lawyer and politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Estates-General, the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club, he opposed the death penalty and advocated the abolition of slavery, while supporting equality of rights, universal male suffrage and the establishment of a republic. He opposed dechristianisation of France, war with Austria and the possibility of a coup by the Marquis de Lafayette. As a member of the Committee of Public Safety, he was an important figure during the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror, which ended a few months after his arrest and execution in July 1794 following the Thermidorian reaction. The Thermidorians accused him of being the “soul” of the Terror, although his guilt in the brutal excesses of the Terror has not been proven.
马克西米连·罗伯斯庇尔(1758—1794)，法国律师和政治家，法国大革命中最著名、最有影响力的人物之一。罗伯斯庇尔作为议会、制宪会议和雅各宾派的成员，反对死刑并倡导废除奴隶制，支持权利的平等、男性的普选权和共和国的建立。他反对法国的去基督教化，反对与奥地利的战争，反对拉法叶特侯爵发动政变的可能。作为公共安全委员会的成员，罗伯斯庇尔在大革命期间以恐怖统治闻名。热月政变后，罗伯斯庇尔于1794年7月被捕并被处以极刑，恐怖统治在几个月后结束。热月党人指控他为恐怖的“灵魂”，尽管他的残忍罪名并未得到证实。

He was a capable articulator of the beliefs of the left-wing bourgeoisie. His steadfast adherence and defense of the views he expressed earned him the nickname l'Incorruptible (The Incorruptible). His reputation has gone through cycles. It peaked in the 1920s when the influential French historian Albert Mathiez rejected the common view of Robespierre as demagogic, dictatorial, and fanatical. However, his reputation has suffered from his association with radical purification of politics by the killing of enemies.
罗伯斯庇尔是一名有才干的左翼资产阶级信仰的倡导者。他坚持和维护他所表达的观点，这为他赢得“清廉耿直”的称号。他的声誉传遍各界。在19世纪20年代，法国著名历史学家马迪厄拒绝把罗伯斯庇尔视为一名蛊惑人心、独裁的狂热分子，使他的名气到达顶峰。尽管如此，他曾通过杀死敌人来达到净化政治的目的，这种极端方式仍使他的名誉受到影响。