有人问: 我发现不用复数形式的抽象名词有时竟用了复数形式,如下面句中的meannesses:
(1)He was guilty of vanity of several meannesses.
请问这是否作者的笔误?
句中的several meannesses 是正确的地道的英语,并非笔误。诚然,meanness 一词一般是没有或不用复形的。但这是相对而言。从理论上讲,任何名词都是有其复数形式的。实际上,也有不少一般不用复形的名词在一种特殊的情况下用了复形,上述例 (1)中的meannesses 只是其中一例而已。再如:
(2)We must determine the relative value of knowledges.
(3)All early capitalisms suppressed trade unions.
(4)They kept intelligences with one another.
(5)Two people's happinesses were in his hands.
(6)Now there are thousands of young people who have good educations or are self-educated.
(7)The Ministry of Communications' moves to curb the growing number of accidents came at a time when members of the Congress criticized the bureaucracies of the Forestry Ministry.
上述六例中的knowledges, capitalisms, intelligences, happinesses, educations, bureaucracies 皆属一般无复形名词的复数形式,但在这里却易令人接受。但仍有不少人反对这样打破常规的用法。有一位英国语法学家说过(大意):knowledge 的复数形式最好留给说英语的本族人使用。不消说,其他像 knowledge 这样的名词的复数形式,我们作为外国人也都应避免使用。
